SPRAYING 



:irred the next morning, hold two 



gallon of water will, when i 

 pounds of sulfate. 



Three gallons of this solution put in the spray barrel equal 

 six pounds of copper. Now fill the spray barrel half full 

 of water before adding any lime. This is important, for if 

 the lime is added to so strong a solution of sulfate of copper, 

 a curdling process will follow. Stir the water in the lime 



^?-^ 



2377. Square tower eiving more workine space for the 

 nozzle men than the conical form 



barrel so as to make a dilute milk of lime but never allow 

 it to be dense enough to be of a creamy thickness. If in 

 the latter condition lumps of lime will clog the spray noz- 

 zle. Continue to add to the mixture this milk of lime so long 

 as drops of ferrocyanide of potassium (yellow prussiate of 

 potash) continue to change from yellow to a brown color. When 

 no change of color is shown, add another pail of milk of lime 

 to make the necessary amount of lime a sure thing. A small 

 excess of lime does no harm. The barrel can now be filled 

 with water, and the Bordeaux mixture is ready for use. 



The preparation of ferrocyanide of potassium for this test 

 may be explained. As bought at the drug store, it is a yellow 

 crystal and is easily soluble in water. Ten cents' worth will 

 do for a season's spraying of an average orchard. It should 

 be a fnll saturation ; that is, use only enough water to dissolve 

 aU the crystals. The cork should be notched or a quill inserted 

 so that the contents will come out in drops. A drop will give 

 as reliable a test as a spoonful. The bottle should be marked 

 "Poison." Dip out a little of the Bordeaux mixture in a cup or 

 saucer, and drop the ferrocyanide on it. So long as the drops 

 turn yellow or brown on striking the mixture, the mixture has 

 not received enough lime. 



Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate. 



Copper carbonate 5 ounces 



Ammonia (26° Be.ium^) 3 pints 



Water 45 gaUons 



Make a paste of the copper carbonate with a little water. 

 Dilute the ammonia with 7 or 8 volumes of water. Add the 

 paste to the dUuted ammonia and stir until dissolved. Add 

 enough water to make 45 gallons. Allow it to settle and use 

 only the clear blue liquid. This mixture loses strength on 

 standing. For fungous diseases. 



f'' ^ ~ ' i 



237Q Power sprayer using steam 



Copper Sulfate Solution. 



Dissolve the copper sulfate in the water, when it is ready for 

 use. This should never be applied to foliage but must be used 

 before the buds break. For peaches and nectarines, use 25 gal- 



^^S^ 



2378. Orchard pump with conical tower rig. 



Ions of water. For fungous diseases, but now largely sup- 

 planted by the Bordeaux mixture. A much weaker solution 

 has been recommended for trees in leaf. 



Iron Sulfate and SrTiFURic Acid Solution. 



Water (hot) 100 parts 



Iron sulfate, as much as the water will dissolve. 



Sulfuric acid (commercial) 1 part 



The solution shoxild be prepared before using. Add the acid 

 to the crj'stals, and then pour on the water. Sometimes recom- 

 mended for grape anthraeuose, the dormant vines being treated 

 by means of sponges or brushes, but it should be applied with 



Potassium Sulfide Solution. 



Potassium sulfide (liver of sulfur) %-! ounce 



Water 1 gallon. 



This preparation loses its strength upon standing, and should 

 therefore be made immediately before using. Particularly 

 valuable for surface mildews. 



Hellebore. 



Fresh white hellebore 1 ounce 



Water 3 gallons 



Apply when thoroughly mixed. This poison is not so ener- 

 getic as the arsenites, and may be used a short time before the 

 sprayed parts mature. For insects that chew. 



Kbeosene Emulsion. 



Hard soap K pound 



Boiling soft water 1 gallon 



Kerosene 2 gallons 



Dissolve the soap in the water, add the kerosene, and chum 

 with a pump for 5 to 10 minutes. Dilute 4 to 25 times before 

 applying. Use strong emulsion for all scale insects. For such 

 insects as plant lice, mealy bugs, red spider, thrips, weaker 

 preparations will prove effective. Cabbage worms, currant 

 worms and all insects which have soft bodies, can also be suc- 

 cessfully treated. It is advisable to make the emulsion shortly 

 before it is used. 



Kerosene and water (suggested for San Jos6 scale) may be 



ed in all eases where kerosene emulsion is mentioned. Di- 

 I ite to the strength recommended in each particular case. It 



ist be applied with a pump having a kerosene attachment. 



Tobacco Water.— This infusion maybe prepared by placing 

 t bacco stems in a water-tight vessel, and then covering them 

 with hot water. Allow to stand several hours, dilute the liquor 

 from 3 to 5 times, and apply. For soft-bodied insects. 



A special mixture is recommended by Corbett, in Bull. 70, Exp. 

 Sta W Va., who reports a trial of Bordeaux mixture, arsenic 

 and kerosene in combination as having proved " gratifying far 

 beyond our most sanguine expectations." "This combination 

 was rendered possible by using the kerosene in the oil tank 

 of a kerowater pump and placing the Bordeaux and arsenic in 

 the barrel in the ordinary manner." For apple aphis, eating 

 insects and fungous diseases. 



