1730 



STORAG 



April 20, showed losses as follows: Open shelves, 5.364 

 grams; in sealed cans, .602 grams; or a difference of 

 4.762 grams in favor of the sealed cans. This at 

 least suggests the possibility of checking loss in weight 

 by the use of non-porous storage receptacles. Barrels 

 do not have any marked effect in checking this loss, 

 as fruits stored in headed and open barrels differed 

 only one-half pound in amount of loss during a period 

 of 147 days, the total loss being 4K pounds on a barrel 

 •of 139K pounds weight when placed in storage. 



The efficiency of a cold storage house depends more 

 upon the construction of the walls than any other single 

 feature. Perfect insulation is the ideal mark at which 

 to aim. The more perfect the house in this respect, the 

 less wear upon the machinery when refrigerating appa- 

 ratus is used, and the greater the economy in ice when 

 ice is used. To accomplish this, non-conductors of heat 



Year. 

 December 1, 1898.. 

 December 1, 1899.. 

 December 1, 1900.. 



Common storage. Cold storage. 

 Barrels. Barrels. 



400.000 800,000 



634,500 1,518.750 



792,000 1,325,000 



The following table, which gives the range of prices 

 paid for apples from the end of the picking season to 

 the end of the storage season for the years 1896 to 1900, 

 inclusive, is compiled from the weekly market reports 

 on the Baldwin apple for New York city as published in 

 Agriculturist: 



85 to $1.00 

 00 to 1.12 

 Goto 1.50 



$1.50 to $2.00 



2.50 to 3.00 



•2.00 to 3.50 



2.50 to 3.75 



2.50 to 3.50 



2.50 to 3.50 



2.75 to 3.75 



should be used :i^ fur as |,n^^il,l,. iu tli,. d. -tails ..f con- 

 struction. For till- iMn|M--i' hrifk j---ii]MriMr i*;t .stone, 

 and wood is a li.ii^ i- im^h r,,T,,luri,,r ili.m .iili.r. For 



permanence, ho\vi-\-.-r. crticlfiiry Iti iliis i-i's[ i must be 



sacrificed. But as cuuliued air may be bet Ibi lliau an arti- 

 ficial substance, by multiplying the layers or partitions 

 in a wall "dead-ait spaces" can be increased and nearly 

 perfect insulation secured. For the practical orchardist, 

 however, cost must be considered, and if wood and pa- 

 per can be made to take the place of brick at a suffi- 

 ■ciently less cost, permanence may be overlooked. This 

 can be done, and with these cheap materials very satis- 

 factory results obtained. After proper insulation comes 

 ventilation. With ice-cooled houses advantage should 

 be taken of .all assistance which nature can lend. With 

 proper ventilating shafts for carrying off heat and mois- 

 ture and ample subterranean pipes arranged to admit 

 chilled air from naturally cool places such as ravines, 

 the temperature of the house can be greatly lowered 

 during frosty nights, and the store of ice husbanded to 

 that extent. During the winter months outside cold can 

 be admitted and housed up to maintain a low tempera- 

 ture far into the summer. The cold storage of apples 

 has now grown to be such an important factor in the 

 markets that reports are made from time to time to give 

 an idea of the quantity of fruit available, and to be used 

 as rational basis for fixing the selling price of apples at 

 any given season. 



The following figures, as reported by the National 

 Apple Shippers' Association, will serve to show, not 

 only the method, but the magnitude of the storage busi- 



raiigi-d l]i;,'lier at the close of the storage 



s it was diUicult to 



apple the Baldwin was chosen instead. 



argin of profit there is for the 

 producer in holding his fruit in cold storage. The aver- 

 age is $2.37^2 per barrel, which gives the aggregate of 

 $2,899,375 on the apples in cold storage during the year 

 1900. 



The apple, grape and pear are important cold storage 

 fruits in eastern United States. The great profit of 

 cold storage to the grower has come through enabling 

 liira to withhold high-grade fruits, and even varieties 

 which keep poorly in common storage, from the market 

 at harvest time. Desirable sorts which are normally 

 out of market by Thanksgiving time can be held much 

 longer in cold storage and the profit from them greatly 

 increased. The idea that summer sorts can be made to 

 do duty as winter sorts through the agency of cold 

 storage cannot be realized. For the best results only 

 the choicest specimens of the winter sorts should be 

 allowed to go into storage outside the farm warehouse. 



Besides the great revolution and 

 development in apple growii 

 which has resulted fi-ni tlir add 

 tion of cold storair.- Im tlic irad 

 a corresponding gn 'Will imd -|n. ; 

 of the peach, strawl.. itv, .li.ii 

 and plum industry have rt-.sulii 

 from the development of the r 

 frigerator car service. As early : 

 1865 attempts were made to can 

 perishable products such i 

 peaches, rasplM-nirs and strawbe 



boxes and aiiirhially is.olcd ear 



be counted as failures, they led up 

 to the present extensive fruit-trans- 

 portation business, which is con- 

 ducted on the same idea as the 

 Pullman sleeping car —that is, of 

 providing refrigerating cars, which 

 run over certain roads, gathering 

 the fruit from areas having a large 

 output, re-icing the cars at given 2409. Detail of wall 

 points, and carrying the product of storehouse, 

 for many days in good order. The „ Flooring, h. fur- 

 development of this 2ndu.stry was j.ing strip ; c. paper ; 

 d. 2x4; c, 18 - inch 



f Cobden, 111. 

 ith til.- api-li'-ation of refrigeration to the storage 

 11 id' iK-t-ati liners, Australia. Tasmania and New 

 th Wales become our competitors in the apple and 

 ige markets of the world. This business has long 



