SWEET POTATO 



to be the standard of excellence, and is a good keeper 

 though 3-ieUling very lightly. 



The market it is intended to supply should, therefore, 

 be specially planted for. If for northern shipment, tlir 

 Jersey Sweet is preferable. For early local sale Orleans 

 Red t"Nigger-killer"), Early Golden or Bermuda Red, 

 head the list. For winter storage and local market in 

 spring it is best to rely on the good old popular standard 

 — the Georgia Yam-despite its light yield, or rein- 

 force it with Vineless, which closely approaches it in 

 quality and is a much heavier cropper. 



Hugh N. Staknes. 



SWEET SCABIOUS. See Scabiosa. 



SWEET-SCENTED SHKUB. See Ciilycanfhus. 



SWEET-SOP. Anona squamosu. 



SWEET SULTiN. See Centaurea moschata. 



SWEET VEENAL GKASS. See Anthoxantlmm. 



SWEET WILLIAM is Dianthus barbatus. 



SWfiRTIA {after Emanuel Swert, a bulb cultivator of 

 Holland and author of F!orile;iiiim, 1G12). OentianA- 

 ce(e. About 40 species, widely scattered about the world 

 but mainly from S. Asia, of annual or perennial herbs 

 with simple leaves, mainly radical in the perennial spe- 

 cies and yellow, blue or white flowers in loose or rather 

 dense corymbs. 



Calyx 4-5-parted: corolla rotate, with a very short 

 tube and glandular pits at the Vjase of each lobe; lobes 

 4-5, overlapping to the right: ovary 1-locuIed: capsule 

 dehiscing by 2 valves at the sutures. 



dilftta, Benth. & Hook. (Ophelia diluta, Ledeb.). A 

 tender perennial about 1 ft. high : stem winged and an- 

 gled, branching from near the base : Ivs. glabrous, 

 ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, rather obtuse, rounded at 

 the base, short-petioled: tis. 4-merous, blue, in a dense, 

 fastigiate umbel; corolla- lobes ovate, rounded at the 

 apex and bearing at the base a single ovate, nectarifer- 

 ous pit destitute of a fringe. E. Asia, Japan. 



pertnnis, Linn. A hardy perennial K-1 ft. high: 

 lower Ivs. oblong- elliptical, long-petioled ; stem-lvs. 

 ovate -oblong, obtuse: fls. mostly 5-merous, blue to 

 white, in a thyrse; corolla-lobes elliptical-oblong, acute, 

 bearing at the base 2 orbicular nectariferous pits crested 

 with a fringe. Colo., Utah and northward; also in the 

 alpine regions of Europe and in Asia.. — S. perenytis is 

 an alpine bog plant and should be given a cool, deep, 

 moist soil. P_ -^^ Barclay. 



SWIETfiNIA (Gerard van Swieten, 1700-1772, physi- 

 cian to Empress Marie Theresa in Vienna). Melidcew. 

 This genus contains the mahogany tree, a tree of high 

 importance in the furniture trade. The young trees are 

 offered by nurserymen in S. Fla. and S. Calif. A tropi- 

 cal genus of 2 or 3 species of tall trcf^. with !il>rui.tly 

 pinnate leaves with opposite piti.il.cl ,,l,li.|ni Iv ..v:iir 

 long-acuminate leaflets anrl >i)i:ill ilMw.r- in :i\:ll:i(\ ir 

 somewhat terminal panicles: ralsx sni.ill. ,'|iriri.cl: 

 petals 5, spreading; staniinal tuin- urn sli;i]>' d. in. 

 toothed; disk annular: ovary ovoid, sessile, ."i-loculed: 

 capsule about 3 in. through. 



MaMgoni, Jacq. Mahogany. A large tree with hard 

 dark red wood of well-known value for furniture, etc. 

 Lfts. 6-10: fls. greenish yellow. Tropical regions" of 

 North and South America, West Indies and S. Florida. 

 -According to Mueller's "Select Extra-tropical Pl.ants," 

 the degree of endurance of the tree is not sufficiently 

 ascertained. In Jamaica it hardly reaches an elevation 

 of 2,000 ft. It requires rich soil. According to Reasoner 

 Bros., the tree will bloom at small size when grown in 



SYMPHORICARPOS 175 ( 



SYCAMORE in Europe is Acer Pseudo-platanus: in 

 Ai,„iira P!„i„,n,s ■•,,i,lentalis. The Sycamore of the 

 inni. Ill - \\ :i- ;t Umi of flg known as Pharaoh's Fig, Sy- 



,''>!„, .,■■!.< ,1 nil., N.,, Ill, I. <.r better Ficus Sycomorus. 



SYMBIOSIS is thi' intimate association of two or 

 Uj.ire distinct organisms, with benefit to one only, or to 

 both; commensalism; consortism; copartnership. In 

 this association each organism is called a symbiont. 



According to the olianicter of tlie union, several kinds 

 of sjmbiosis liii\ . li. . n r. > .,liii /. .1 : ill Mutual antago- 

 nistic symbi.i-i II .'I > ■, . \\ hen two organ- 

 isms are foes 1 I . s I . I l.i.cteria and ani- 

 mals, the hull r I,. II iiiiiil 1. -istance;"also the 



syntropisiu of ei n.un Ihii, n, « nil lichens. (2) Antago- 

 nistic symbiiisis iirui jinrasiiisiuj, when the host is 

 partly or coniplet.iy killed l.y the parasite, as the po- 

 tato and the rut tuii-us { I'h iiloiihthora infestans): or 

 galls (hyperir ihi.x} pni.lueed on the host as in the 

 black knot of lums; and in higher plants, which live 

 at the expense ^.f others, as the mistletoe (green) and 

 the dodder (chlorophylless). (3)Mutual symbiosis, when 

 there is often reciprocal advantage; (a) nutrici.sm, 

 when one symbiont nourishes the other without ap- 

 parently receiving any return, as the mycorrhiza and 

 the roots of forest trees; (6) mutualism, when a mu- 

 tual benefit results from the union of two organisms 

 capable of living separately, as the bacteroid and the 

 roots of the Leguminosse; (c) individualism, when the 

 symbionts are so intimately connected in their growth 

 as to suggest a single individual, as the union of alga and 

 fungus to form a lichen. (4) Prototrophy, the wet nurse 

 relationship, as in the lichen Lecidea intumescenst 

 which eventually gets its nourishment by mean.s of a 

 lodger, a different lichen (5) Contingent symbiosis, 

 when one symbiont lives m the interior of another for 

 .shelter, as Nostoc in the tissue of Hepaticfe, Lemna, 

 Cycas, Gunnera, and Anaboena in Azolla. 



John W Hakshberger. 



2447. Symphoricarpos 



SYMPHOKICAEPOS (Greek, fruit borne in clusters). 

 Capri foUAcece. Shrubs with simple, opposite, oval, en- 



*■ nd exstipulate Ivs.: fls. small; calyx 4-.Vtoothed; 



' ■ - lobed on short 



i]ianulate or bell-shap 



pots. 



Barclay. 



S'WISS CHAED. See Seta, Greens, SaUid Plants. 

 SWOED LILY. Gladiolus. 



lower parts of beds or borders, or for detached groups 

 where something low is desired. They will thrive in 

 almost any soil from heavy clay to dry gravelly banks. 

 Their habit of suckering enables them to cover the 

 ground rapidly and effectively. All have a tendency to 

 retain their fruit until it is forced off. and one species 

 retains its foliage. For these reasons they are pleasing 

 additions to the winter landscape. Of easy propagation 

 by suckers, seed or cuttings. 



A. Fruit white. 

 B. Stamens and style included. 

 racemdsus. Michx. Snowberry. Waxeerkv. Fig. 

 2447. A shrub, 2-6 ft. high: Ivs. smooth, entire or 

 sometimes repand or even lobed : fls. rose color, in a 

 loose and often leafy raceme; stamens and style in- 

 cluded : fr. globose, white, persistent. July, Aug. 



