TEOP-EOLUM 



1859 



oeak one-fourth as long: head of fruit % in. across. 

 Bogs and damp places, Mich, to New Eng. and Del. 

 May-July or Aug. B.M. 1988. B.C. iJG (both as T. 



Var. albifidrus, Gray. {T. Americdiius, Hook.) Much 

 like the type but usually lower, more slender: Ifts. 

 usually 5: fls. pale or white: petals nearly equaling the 

 stamens. Mountain tops, Colo., northward and west- 

 ward. 



acaiUis, Lindl. Plant only 3 or 4 in. high: Ivs. as in 

 the above, or only 5-parted: fls. lemon-yellow, spreading, 

 on stems hardly reaching from the ground; sepals S», 

 nearly lanceolate, acute, sometimes toothed; petals 

 spatulate, shorter than the stamens. Northern India. 

 B.B. 29:32. 



EuropjBUS, Linn. (T. globdsiis, Lam.). Stems erect, 

 15 in. or more high, often branching; lower Ivs. petioled, 

 others sessile; Ifts. only 5-parted, lobed, cleft and 

 toothed, those of the root-leaves on short petioles; tis. 

 of a lemon -yellow color, solitary or in twos, 1-2 in. 

 across, globular in form; sepals 10-15, ovate: petals 

 spatulate, often longer than the stamens: fr. much as 

 in T. laxus. Wet upland meadows of N. Eu. Maj-^uly. 

 Gn. 40:810. -Var. L6ddigesil, Hort.. has deep vellow 

 fls. 



AslAticns, Linn. Fig. 2582. Plant much like T. 

 Europn-ns, often taller, the smaller bronze-green Ivs. 

 more finely lobed and cleft, fls. a rich orange color with 

 sepals spreading. May. Siberia. B.M. 235. — The blos- 

 soms of this are well suited for cut-flower purposes. 

 The plants thrive best and produce richest colors if 

 partially exposed to the sun. T. giganteiis, found in 

 garden lists, is a very tall form of this species. T. 

 Japinicus, Hort., with large orange fls. in early spring, 

 is by some referred to this species. k_ q_ Davis. 



of Soutli America. 

 lid Chile. They are 

 rs. Till' common 



:n-.- al~c. -lown for 



tastmg 

 i used 



growing herbs, mostly climbin 



chiefly of the cooler parts of Per 



grown for their showy odd 11 



species, T. minus and T. m,iji. 



their young pods and seeds, 

 pickles 



leaves are sometimes i 

 like cress, in salads, whi 

 the name "Indian 

 England. In America this 

 use of the plant is littU 

 Certain kinds, par 

 ilarly T. fuberocum, pro 



duce edible sub- 

 terranean tu- 

 bers. The flow- 

 ers of Tropaeo- 

 lum are very 

 irregular : se- 

 pals 5, connate 

 at the base, the 

 posterior one 

 produced into a 

 long slender 

 spur: petals 5 

 (s 



fewer by abor- 

 tion). usually narrowed 

 into distinct claws, the 

 two upper ones smaller 

 or otherwise dissimilar 

 and inserted in the 

 mouth of the spur; 

 stamens 8, unequal, 

 with declined usually 

 curving filaments; pis- 

 til with one style and a 

 3-lobed ovary, which ripens into 

 3 1-seeded indehiscent carpels 

 (the carpels constitute the 

 "seed" of commerce). The flowers 

 yellow or orange, rarely blue or pur- 

 leaves are alternate and usually 

 though often deeply lobed or even 

 usuaily peltate; stipules none or very 

 species climb by means of the coil- 

 oles. For references to recent botanical literature on 

 Troproolum, see F. Buchenau in Englers Bot. Jahrb. 



26,1 



580. 



Tropseolums thrive in any warm, sunny, fairly moist 

 place. The tops are tender to frost. For early effects, 

 seeds may be started indoors in pots or boxes. The 

 common climbing species are T. majus and T. Lob- 

 biannm, both of which are very useful for window 

 boxes, balconies, for covering banks and walls, and for 

 growing amongst shrubbery. The common dwarf species, 

 T. minn-^i, is earlier and tisually more floriferous, and 

 is very useful for the front row in the border. T. 

 peri'ijrinnm. the Canary-bird Flower, is grown either 

 indoors or in the open. Probably most species are per- 

 ennial. Many of them are tuberous and withstand 

 some frost at the root ; but the half-hardy species are 

 little known in this country. 



INDEX. 



Jarrattii, 3. 

 Leichtlini, S 

 LoVibi.iinim 



peregrinum, U 

 polyphyllum. 

 speciosum, 5. 



tuberosum, 10. 



TSOPffiOHJM (from Greek word for tropliij: the 

 leaves are shield-shaped and the flowers helmet-shaped). 

 Gt'vaniitceae. Nasturtium. About 40 species of soft- 



A. Flowers blue. 



1. aztireuin, Miers. Very slender glasshouse climber: 

 Ivs. peltate, 5-parted nearly or quite to the base, into 

 narrow-obovate or oblanceoiate divisions: fls. small, the 

 calyx and short spur green, the wide-spreading corolla 

 azure-blue, the petals 2-lobed or emarginate. Chile. 



