TULIPA 



center; fllaraents glabrous, flattened: ovary prismatic: 

 stigraas large and usually crisped. Origin uncertain. 

 Introduced from the Turkish gardens in 1.554. Long 

 since hybridized and cultivated out of all semblance to 

 any wild forms. Supposed original form (Baker) in B.M. 

 64.19 (as T. Schrenki). Darwin tulips (Fig. 2597) are a 

 recent strain of long-stemmed, late, self-colored tulips. 



2604. Tunica Saxifraea. Flowe) 



Var. Drac6ntia, Baker (Fig. 2599). Parrot Tulip. 

 Similar in habit : perianth usually yellow and red 

 striped and splotched; segments deeply cleft and la- 

 ciniately dentate. F.S. 21:2211 (as T. Turcica). 



Var. spathiiiata(2'. «pa/7M(M?a, Bertol.). This differs 

 from the type in its larger fls. of a brilliant red color, 

 with a large purplish black blotch at the base of each 

 of the segments. Italy. — Probably the largest of the 

 wild Tulips. Catalogued by many bulb growers as " T. 

 G. vera." 



Var. Strangew&ysiana, Reboul. Very large, brilliant, 

 dark scarlet flowers, with a handsome dark basal blotch. 

 One of the naturalized Tulips found without disposi- 

 tion to vary in fields near Florence, Italy. F. 1880:65. 



Var. tilbo-ocul&ta, Krelage. Deep campanulate fl., 

 with a slight sweetish mawkish odor, bright red, with a 

 distinct white basal blotch ; inner .segments obtuse, 

 " outer acute; filaments white. 



T. fldva. Hort.,KreIaee, is "often confiiseil with vitelliiia in 

 gardens, though perfet-tly rtistinot. Flava is vellow, verv ro- 

 bust, tall, and at least a fortni(;)it later in l.loomins;. Vitellina 

 is almost white when old " Imperfectlv known.- T. laiiata. 

 Regel. Dwarf: Hs. large, gnblet-shapeil. rich vermilion, with a 

 large black spot at the base of each of the segments. Imper- 

 fectly known, -r. Persica. Will.l.. is a synonym of T. patens, 

 Agardh, a Siberian species not known to the trade. It has fls. 

 about 3 in. across, greenish outsiile.whitish inside, with a yellow 

 eye. The ontersegmentsarenarrower. It is tigured in B.M. 3887 

 as T. tricolor. T. Persica of the trade has been confused by the 

 Dutch with T. Breyni.ana, Linn., the proper n.^me of which is 

 BiBometra Coluniellaris, Salisb. B,-eometra is a monotypic 

 genus native to South Africa. There are no true Tulips in 

 South Africa. The importiint generic distinction between 

 n-eometra and Tulipa lies in the ilehiscence of the capsule: 

 tluat of the former is septicidal. of the tatter loculicidal. 

 Bffiometra is figured in B.M. 7li7 as Melanthium uniflorum. It 

 is a dwarf plant 4-6 in. high with funnel-shaped fls. about 1 in. 

 across, yellow within, tinged with deep brownish red outside. 

 The segments are oblong and subequal. Although a n.^tive of 

 the Cape, the plant is supposed to he hardy. 



Arnold V. Stubenrauch. 



TULIP, BUTTERFLY. Ca!nchortus. TuUp Poppy. 

 ffinuiemaiDiiii. Tulip Tree. Lirioilendroti. 



TURNIP 1875 



TtNICA (Latin, a tiaiic or coat, from the imbricated 

 involucre). Curjiopliijlltuece. Small slender herbs with 

 linear opposite leaves, with habit of Gypsophila, but 

 botanically more nearly allied to Dianthus. From Di- 

 anthus they differ in sniallness, the central flower of 

 the cluster not hracteate, the calyx top-shaped or cylin- 

 drical rather than short-tubular and 5- or 15-ribbed, the 

 calyx-teeth obtuse; petals 5 and styles 2.. There are 

 about 10 species in Southern Europe and in Asia. T. 

 Sazifraga, Scop. (Fig. 2004), apparently the only spe- 

 cies in cultivation in this country, is a tufted spreading 

 hardy species suitable for rockwork and blooming in 

 summer and fall (see bottom p. 737). It is a wiry- 

 stemmed perennial, growing 6-10 in. high: fls. small, 

 with rosy white, lilac or pale purple notched petals. A 

 recent novelty is a double flowered variety. It is more 

 compact and dwarf than the type, and "the fls. last 

 longer. Tunicas are propagated by seeds or division. 

 T. Sarifraga has become adventive in some parts of 

 the east. l. H. B. 



TtPA. See Lobelia. 



TUPELO. See Nijssa. 



TURK'S HEAD. Melocactus communis. 



TURNIP (Plate XLVI) is a name somewhat loosely 

 applied to two species of vegetables. In this country, 

 and apparently properly, it is applied to vegetables 

 characterized by thick light-fleshed roots that are usu- 

 ally more or less flattened or at least not greatly elon- 

 gated, with leaves that are hairy and not glaucous. 

 These vegetables belong to the species Brassica Hapa 

 (see page 178). In the term is sometimes included the 

 Swedish Turnip or Rutabaga, a plant that is character- 

 ized by having a more uniformly elongated-oval yellow- 

 fleshed tuber with roots springing from its lower portion, 

 a thick elongated leafy neck, and glaucous-blue leaves 

 that are not hairy. This plant, however, is considered 

 to be Brassica campesfris. Whether these two species 

 exist separately in wild nature is not positively known, 

 but they appear to be well defined under cultivation. 

 Both species tend to run wild in old fields and to lose 

 their thickened roots. They are then sometimes, though 

 erroneously, known as charlock. The nativity of these 

 species is unknown, but they are almost certainly 



European or Asian in origin. Characteristic tubers of 

 these two plants are contrasted in Figs. 2605 and 2606. 

 The former is commonly known here as "flat turnip" 

 and the latter as rutabaga or merely "baga." According 

 to Vilmorin, the plant that we know as Rutabaga is 

 known to the French as chou-navet and in England as 

 Swedish Turnip and turnip-rooted cabbage. 



