ULMUS 



incision not reaching the nutlet. Middle Europe to 

 western Asia. — Rarely cultivated and with less valuable 

 wood. The trunk and the limbs are, as in the Ameri- 

 can Elm, often clothed with short branchlets. 



3. racenidsa, Thomas, not Borkh. Cork Elm. Rock 

 Elm. Fig. 2612. Tree, attaining 100 ft., with short 

 spreading branches, forming an oblong round-topped 

 head: branchlets pubescent usually 

 until the second year and mostly ir- 

 regularly corky winged 

 when older: buds acute, 

 pubescent: Ivs. oval to ob- 

 long -obovate, unequal at j-,-,,„ 

 the base, shortly acumi- j#lRi^ 

 .Kite, sharplv ■.,;.! . I. ..,!.■ " 



^^ racemes ; calv.x with ;»-8 



2612. exserted stamens: fr. oval 2613. UI- 



Ulmus racemosa. or obovate, with a shallow mus alatSL. 



(X2.) notch at the apex, pale, {X2.) 



pubescent, %-% in. long. 

 Quebec to Tennessee, west to Nebraska. S.S. 7:312. 



4. al4ta, Michx. Wahoo or Winged Elsi. Fig. 2613. 

 Tree, attaining 50 ft., with spreading branches forming 

 an oblong, round-topped or rather open head: branches 

 usually with 2 opposite very broad wings; branchlets 

 almost glabrous: buds acute, glabrous: Ivs. ovate-ob- 

 long to oblong-lanceolate, often falcate, acute or acumi- 

 nate, doubly serrate, subcoriaceous, glabrous above, 

 pubescent beneath, li4-2}4 in. long: fls. in short, few- 

 fld. racemes; stamens usually 5: fr. elliptic-ovate, with 

 narrow wing and with 2 incurved horns at the apex, 

 villous, % in. across. Va. to Fla., west to 111. and Tex. 

 S.S. 7:313. — Handsome round-headed tree, sometimes 

 used as an avenue tree in the southern states; not 

 hardy north. 



5. fulva, Michx. ( U. riibra, Michx.). Slippery Elm. 

 Red Elm. Figs. 2614, 2615. Tree, attaining 70 tt., with 

 spreading branches, forming usually a broad, open, 

 flat-topped head: branchlets pubescent; Ivs. obovate to 

 oblong, very unequal at base, long-acuminate, doubly 

 serrate, of firm texture, very rough above, pubescent 

 beneath, 4-7 in. long: fls. in dense clusters; stamens 

 5-9: fr. orbicular-oval, little notched at the apex, K in. 

 across. Quebec to Fla., west to Dakotas and Tex. S.S. 

 7:314. Era. 2:334. -The reddish brown pubescence of 

 the bud-scales is very conspicuous in spring, when the 

 buds are unfolding. An allied species similar in foliage 

 and fr. is V. elliptica, Koch ( P. Hefideri, Spiith. U. 

 Siblrica, Hort.), a native of western Siberia, Turkes- 

 tan and Persia, with longer and larger Ivs. and grayish 

 pubescent buds. 



ULMUS 1881 



branchlets pubescent: buds pubescent, rather obtuse: 

 Ivs. very short-petioled and unequal at base, broadly 

 obovate to oblong-obovate, abruptly acuminate or some- 

 times 3-lobed at the apex, sharply and doubly serrate, 

 rough above, pubescent beneath, 3-0 in. long: fls. clus- 

 tered; stamens 5-6, little exserted : fr. oval or roundish 

 obovate, little notched at the a\n-\. with tlie seed in the 

 middle, %-l in. long. Euro]ii- to .l.ii.aii.- A variable 

 species of which many forms an-.iilth aiid; the follow- 

 ing are some of the most iraport:iiii : \'ai-. atropurpdrea, 

 Spiith. With dark purple foliage. Var. B61gioa, Hort. 

 Of vigorous growth, forming a broad pyramidal head; 

 Ivs. dark green. Var. crispa, Loud. 1, 1/ asplenifolia, 

 Hort.). A rather slow-growing form with narrow ob- 

 long curved Ivs. iucisely serrate with twisted teeth, 

 giving the margin a fringed appearance. Var. Dam- 

 pi^ri, Koch. Similar to var. fastlgiata, but with slen- 

 der branches, smaller and lighter foliage. Var. Dam- 

 pi^ri Wrddei, Hort. Differs from the foregoing by its 

 yellow young leaves. M.D.G. 1898:160. Var. DovSei, 

 Hort. Of vigorous growth and upright pyramidal habit. 

 Var. fastigiita. Loud. ( (/. pyramidAUs, Hort. U. Exo- 

 nUnsis, Hort.). Of columnar habit with strictly up- 

 right branches and somewhat twisted, broad dark green 

 leaves. Var. horizont&lis, Kirchn. With horizontally 

 spreading limbs and more or less drooping branches. 



Gn. 17, p. 539. M.D.G. 1901 

 Lvs. broadly obovate, : 



163. Var. lacinijlta, Trautv. 

 sometimes 5-lobed at the 

 wide apex, large, light 

 green; branches little 

 pubescent, light - col- 

 ored. E. Asia. Var. 

 nina, Hort. Dwarf 

 form. Var. p^ndula, 

 ■ -. (r. Camper- 

 dincii, Hort.). Cam- 

 PEBDDWN Elm. Fig. 

 2619. With long pendu- 



branchf 



the 



6. scabra. Mill. ( F. moiitiliia, With. U. gUbra, 

 Huds.). WrcH Elm. Scotch Elji. Fig. 2616. Tree, 

 attaining 100 ft., with spreading branches forming an 

 oblong or broad round-topped head; without suckers: 



limbs often spreading 

 2615. 2616. horizontally. Gn. 40, 



Ulmus fulva. Ulmus scabra. p. 158. Var. Pitteiirsi, 

 (X2.) (X2.) Hort. Pyramidal tree 



of vigorous growth 

 with deeply serrate lvs. often purplish when unfolding. 

 Var. purptirea, Koch. Lvs. purple when young, chang- 

 ing to dark green. Var. supfirba, Hort. Of vigorous 

 growth, with large and long, dark green leaves. Var. 

 tricdspis, Koch. ( U. triserrAta or trldens, Hort.). Lvs. 

 obovate, 3-lobed at the apex. 



7. camp^atris, Smith (C. suberdsa, Willd., U. stimi- 

 M.s-n, Stokes). English Elm. Tree, attaining 100 ft., 

 with spreading branches forming an oblong round- 

 topped or sometimes open head, usually producing 

 suckers: branches little pubescent when young or gla- 

 brous, sometimes becoming corky: buds acute, pubes- 

 cent or glabrous: lvs. distinctly petioled, broadly ovate 

 to ovate-oblong, unequal at the 

 base, acuminate, doubly serrate, ^•.*&li-... 



usually glabrous and smooth v."S-^!i^7v? 

 above at length, pubescent or ^S^ji^^'-s. 

 glabrous beneath, lJ^-5 in. long: i^'l^^ijti- 

 Hs short-pediceled; stamens 4-6: ''■^'^•"^■^ 

 tr obovate, with the nutlet much 

 above the middle, reaching almost 

 the incision at the apex. Middle 

 Europe and northern Africa to 

 Japan. Em. 2:336. M.D.G. 

 1900:577. - This tree is often 

 planted as an avenue tree; it 

 succeeds very well and fine old 

 trees may be occasionally seen 

 in the northeastern states. The 2*17. One of many nat- 

 foliage remains green several "'^' 'or "is of the 

 weeks longer than that of the American Elm — the 

 American Elm. U. campesMs is vase-form type, 

 still more variable than the fore- 

 going species and four vars., very distinct in their ex- 

 treme forms and sometimes considered distinct species, 

 can be distinguished. 



Var. vulgaris, Planch. { II. suberdsa, Ehrh. U. mi- 

 nor, Mill.). Small tree or shrub, with often corky 

 branches: lvs. broadly oval or rhombic obovate, rough 



