T O R K "V 



2656. Outline of Vermont. 



Truck gardening is practiced, of course, in the neigh- 

 borhood of all the principal cities; but it cannot be said 

 to be a well-managed business. Those crops which 

 grow in special perfection are beans, potatoes, peas, 

 tomatoes, salsify and parsnips. Those which cannot 

 be grown, or which are, as a rule, unsuccessful, are 

 melons, okra, sweet potatoes, turnips and Lima beans. 

 Special crops which are sometimes grown in quantities 

 for export are seed peas, white beans and onions. 



On account of the long, cold winters and the short, 

 cloudy days of that season, greenhouses are operated at 

 a great disadvantage. The production of hothouse vege- 

 tables is, therefore, very small, and florists find it diffi- 

 cult to grow roses and lilies, or even violets and carna- 

 tions, at a profit. 



The Vermont Horticultural Society was organized 

 December 3, 1896. It is, therefore, a young, though an 

 active and useful society. p. a. Waugh. 



VERNONIA (after Wm. Vernon, an English botanist 

 who traveled in North America). Conipdsitie. Iron- 

 weed. A genus of nearly 500 species of perennial herbs 

 or rarely shrubs, with alternate, pinnately veined leaves 

 and usually purple or rose flowers borne in the follow- 

 ing species in terminal cymes. The genus is widely 

 scattered about the world, but is possibly most plentiful 

 in South America. The following species are native of 

 the United States, and are hardy perennial herbs of at- 

 tractive appearance, with rather large heads of purple 

 flowers in terminal clusters in late summer or early 

 fall. 



Heads not glomerate, several- to many-fld. : involucre 

 of dry or partly herbaceous, much -imbricated bracts: 

 corolla regularly 5-cleft into narrow lobes: akenes 



VEKNONIA 



mostly 10-costate, with a truncate 

 apex and a cartilaginous, callous 

 base: pappus double (at least in 

 American species). Vernonias are 

 of easy culture in any good, rich 

 border, being easily propagated by 

 division. 



A. ffeads 50-70-nowered. 

 Arkansina, DC. Stem 8-10 ft. 



high: Ivs. linear-lanceolate, 4-12 in. 

 long, alternate-acuminate: peduncles 

 not branched: involucre green, the 

 filiform tips often reddish. Plains, 

 Mo., Kan. to Texas. July-Sept. B. 

 B. 3:302. 



AA. Reads 15^0-fld. 



B. Lvs, narfoxvUj linear. 

 c. Plant about 1 ft. high. 



Lindheimeri, Gray & Engelm. 

 Stem excessively leafy up to the in- 

 florescence: Ivs. l}4-3 in. long by 

 1-2 lines wide, with revolute mar- 

 gins : fls. in a corymbiform cyme. 

 July-Sept. Rocky hills, W. Tex'as. 

 CC. Plant 2-4 ft. high. 



Lfittermani, Engelm. Stem fas- 

 tigiately and cyraosely much 

 branched at the summit: Ivs. 2^ 

 in. long, only 1 line wide, margins 

 not revolute: fl. -heads numerous, 

 Vo in. long, 10-14-fld. July-Sept. 

 Sandy soil, Arkansas. 



c. Brucls „f iiii-nl„e,-e tipped with 



Noveboracfensis, Willd. Fig. 2657. 

 Stem 3-6 ft.: Ivs. olilcng to oblong- 

 lanceolate, 3-9 in. long: heads in an 

 open cyme : involucre commonly 

 brownish or dark purplish : fls. 

 rarely white, usually in moist soil. 

 July-Sept. B.B. 3:302.-The more 

 common species of the eastern 

 United States. 



CC. Bracts not ( 

 D. Plant tome, 



vned. 



Bildwini, Torr. Stem 2-5 ft. high: Ivs. lanceolate to 

 ovate-lanceolate, 4-8 in. long: bracts greenish acute or 

 acuminate, tips spreading or reflexed. Fls. earlier than 

 most species, in July and 

 August. Prairies, east- 

 ern Mo. to Tex. B.B. 

 3:302. 



DD. Plant glahro^is. 

 E. Lvs'.thin. 



altiSBima, Nutt. Stem 

 .5-10 ft. hisrh- h s. veiny 

 lanceolate or lanceolate- 

 oblong, 4-12 m. long : 

 bracts obtuse or merely 

 mucronate -tipped, 

 closely appressed. July- 

 Sept. Western Pa to 

 111., La. and Fla. B B. 

 3:303. 



E. Zvs. thickish. 



fasciculElta, M i c h x . 

 Stem 2-5 ft. high: Us. 

 somewhat obscurely 

 veined, linear to oblong- 

 lanceolate, 3-6 in. long: 

 heads numerous and 

 crowded on the branches 

 of the cyme: bracts ob- 

 tuse or some of the upper mucronate-acute, closely ap- 

 pressed. July-Sept. Ohio and Ky. to the Dakotas and 

 south to Texas. B.B. 3:303. F. W. Barclay. 



2657. Isolated specimen clump 

 of Ironwee d— Vernonia 

 Noveboracensis. 



