1936 



VINES 



of the grape, are modified branches or stems; others, 

 as those of the pea and eobsea, are modified leaflets; still 

 others, as in some species of lathyrus, are modified stip- 

 ules. True tendrils are always definitely arranged with 

 reference to the position of the leaves. The young ex- 

 tended tendril usually swings about in a circle or ellipse, 

 its end being somewhat bent or coiled. When this end 



b, shows the coiline of the 

 straight or not-coiled spaces 

 direction of the coil is reversed. Cassa- 



strikes a support it fastens itself securely, and then the 

 plant is drawn to the support or held to it by the coiling 

 of the tendril. This coil also serves as a spring whereby 

 the plant is held to its support during winds. The con- 

 tinuous coiling of the tendril in one direction would 

 twist the tendril in two; therefore, tendrils usually coil 

 in more than one direction, one part of the length being 

 coiled from right to left and another part from left to 

 right. Some of these phenomena may be seen in Fig. 

 2675, which represents the tendrils of one of the Oucur- 

 bitaceae. All members of this family, as cucumbers, 

 melons, pumpkins and wild balsam apple, are excellent 

 subjects on which to observe these phenomena. 



Of the very many vines that may be used with good 

 results in the open air in the North the following are 

 common and therefore to be commended. Many green- 

 house vines can also be used in the open during the 

 summer, but these are not included in the present list. 

 AA. Top shrubby. 



Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Virginia creeper. Figs. 80, 

 1866. The best single vine for covering buildings and 

 arbors, since it is perfectly hardy and thrives under 

 many conditions. Plants should be selected from vines 

 of known habit, as some individuals cling much better 

 than others. 



Ampelopsis tricuspidata [A. Veitclii). Fig. 2676; 

 also Fig. 81, Vol. I. A neater and handsomer vine than 

 the Virginia creeper, clinging closer, but it is often in- 

 jured by winter in exposed places, especially when 

 young. It is best adapted to stone and brick buildings. 



Clematis of various species. C. paniculata and C. 

 Virginiana are best for general use. 



Tecoma radicans, trumpet creeper. 



Vitis or grapes of various species. The wild species 

 are preferable. Fig. 2677. 



Hedera Helix, true ivy. Fig. 1023. The English ivy 

 does not endure the bright sun of northern winters. 



Hardy in middle states, and often does well on the north 

 side of buildings farther north. 

 Actinidia arguta. Pig. 29. One of the best arbor 



Akebia quinata. Pigs. 56, 57. Graceful and pretty. 



Lonicera sempervirens, L. flava and other honey- 

 suckles. Ij. Japonica {or L. Halliana) is half evergreen 

 in the North and is popular. 



Aristolochia macrophylla, Dutchman's pipe. Figs. 

 138-140. A robust grower, with enormous leaves. Use- 

 ful for covering verandas and arbors. 



Celastrus scandens, waxwork or false bittersweet. 



Wistaria Sinensis and W. speciosa. Figs. 2475, 

 2476. 



vinter. 



Menispermum Canadense, moonseed. A small but 

 attractive native twiner useful for wild gardens. 



Sumulus I/upulus and H. Japoniciis. The former is 

 the common perennial hop; the latter is a sttirdy and 

 useful annual. 



Bioscorea divaricata, yam, Chinese potato, cinnamon 

 vine. The large, deep-seated tuberous roots withstand 

 freezing. Climbs high, bnt does not produce foliage 

 enough to cover unsightly objects. Bioscorea villosa is 

 a small but handsome native species. 



Pueraria Thunbergiana (known also as DoUclios Ja 

 poniciis), while not yet common, deserves to be better 

 known. It is an herbaceous perennial in the North, bui 

 makes a woody top in the South. Very vigorous grower. 



Phaseolus multiflorus, scarlet runner bean, Dutch 

 case-knife bean. Red- and white-fld. varieties. Peren 

 nial in the South. Tender. 



Ipomosa, various species. Moonflowers and morning- 

 glories belong here. Some are perennials far south; al' 

 useful and interesting. Tender. 



Tropmolum majus, nasturtium. Tender annual. 



T. peregrinum, canary-bird flower. Tender annual. 



Lathyrus odoratns, sweet pea. Hardy annual. 



Thunbergia alata. Tender annual. 



BoUchos Lahlab, hyacinth bean. Tender annual. 



Cardiospermum Halicacabum, balloon vine. Tender 

 annual. 



Adlumia cm-7iosa, Allegheny vine. Tender perennial. 



Cobcea scandens. Tender. l H. B. 



Vines for the South. I. Deciduous. Ampelopsis tri- 

 cuspidata and quinquefolia are exceedingly popular for 

 covering brick walls, stumps, or dead trees. Being de- 

 ciduous, they are free from the objection of evergreen 

 ivies, whose foliage often accumulates dust and is a harbor 

 for sparrows' nests. A. arborea retains its black ber- 

 ries all winter; the form with variegated foliage is most 

 desirable. — iJerc/iemia scandens has small, greenish 

 flowers; not showy, but of rapid growth in moist soil. 

 — Celastrus scandens is desirable for its orange-colored 



npelopEis 1 



cuspidata < 



building. 



capsules and scarlet seeds, which are retained during a 

 part of the v^inter. — Centrosema P'irginianum, a twin- 

 ing herb, is a very desirable small vine. The large, 

 pea-shaped lavender flowers are produced from May 

 until autumn. — Clematis. The best native species are 

 C. crispa, with dark bluish purple campanulate flowers, 

 C. coccinea with scarlet campanulate flowers, and C. 

 holosericca, conspicuous for the silky plumose tails of 

 the akenes. All these are herbaceous and lose their 

 stems during winter. Of the hybrid garden 



