1996 



XANTHOXYLUM 



very particular as to soil and position. Prop, by seeds 



and" by suckers or root-cuttings. 



Tbe genus contains about 140 species in the tropical 



and subtropical regions of both hemispheres, and a few 

 in temperate regions. Trees 

 and shrubs, with mostly 

 prickly branches: most parts, 

 particularly the fruits, emit 

 a strong aromatic odor when 

 bruised: Ivs. odd-pinnate, 3- 

 foliolate or rarely simple: fls. 

 dioecious or polygamous, 

 small, in cymes or panicles; 

 sepals, petals and stamens 3- 

 8, sepals often wanting; pis- 

 tils 3-5: fr. composed of .1-5 

 separate small dehiscent cap- 

 sules each with 1-2 shining 

 black seeds. Several species 

 are use! iii,-dici)iallv. The 



iilln 



considered valuul.le. The 

 fruits of A', piperitinn are 

 used like pepper in Japan. 



Americ&nam, Mill. ( -T. frax- 

 iHei()«,Willd. A-. ramifldmm, 

 Michx.). Prickly Ash. Fig. 

 2757. Shrub or small tree, at- 

 taining 25 ft., with prickly 

 S757. Leai of Prickly Ash, branches : Ifts. 5-11, opposite, 

 Xanthoxylum Ameiica- almost sessile, ovate, entire 

 num (X %). or crenulate, dark green 



Showing paired prickles re- above, lighter and pubescent 

 sembling stipular spines, ^jeneath, lK-2 in. long: fls. 

 -n!>rall, greenish, in axillary 

 sessile cymes, appearing/sl|Dikly before the Ivs.: seeds 

 black Quebec to Neb. and V^ B.B. 2:353. 



piperltum, DC. Chinese or Jap.^nese Pepper. 

 Bushy shrub, rarely small tree: branrhts wiili slender 

 prickles: Ifts. 11-13, narrow-elliptir i.. .Ili|it i, '-lanceo- 

 late, serrulate, glabrous, darkgri-in and InvHons above, 

 paler beneath, %-li4 in. long: Hs. in terminal, rather 

 dense, umbel-like corymbs. July, Aug. Japan, Corea. 



X. ailantholdes, Sieb. & Zucc. Tree, attaining 60 ft.: 

 branches with numerous short prickles: Ivs. 1-4 ft. long; Ifts. 

 oblong-ovate, glabrous, glaucous beneath, 3-6 in. long: fls. and 

 fr. in terminal corymbs. .Ift]':in HnTvNnnift tree. — X. Bunged- 

 num, Maxim. Shrub, wiih -nuii .MfMi.t . w,.,} prickles: Ivs. 

 prickly; Ifts. 7-11, ovate 1- . glabrous, M-lH 



in. long: fls. and fr. in term 1 1 . rhiiia. — X, Clava- 



HercwKs, Linn. (X. Oaroliiii , ,, I , I.h.thache-teee. 



Peppek-wood. Small fr.' 1. 1 ,1 r.._ " < . i ... r.isionaUy 50 ft.: 



Ifts. 7-17, ov;ifr-l: .:.!. ' I ' ath when young, 



l-2Kin.lonK: il- , i I i .,,,l,s. April, May. 



S.Va. to Fla. :,ii.: I ,, , \ , „,. v,i num, Sieb. & 



Zuce. Slirab, KH , , -,,;,,-: Ifts. 3-5, eUiptic 



to elliptic-Ian. : . ' i..;:^, 1 :: in. long: fls. and 



fr. in small pani. i:.l lir;ni..hlets. Japan.— X. 



schinifdlium, .si,.|. -mi.iI., vritli sparingly prickly 



branches: Ifts. 1 - a ."h-Lte. crenate, emarginate 



at the apex,^.rl' ■ "i a. a;; n ami t'r. in large, terminal co- 

 rymbs. Japan. Alfred Rehder. 



XENIA. The immediate influence of poUen-the 

 influence on the fruit that results directly from a 

 given pollination. 



XEBANTHEMUM (Greek, dry flower: it is ono of the 



"everlastings"). Compdsitce. There are four or five 

 species of Xeranthemum, of which A", annuum is one 

 of the oldest and best known of the "everlastings" or 

 immortelles. They are inhabitants of the Mediterranean 

 region. They are annual erect herbs, densely pubescent 

 or tomentose. The heads are rayless, but the large in- 

 volucre scales are petal-like and persistent, giving the 

 plant its value as a sub.iect fordry bouquets. Outerflow- 

 ers few and sterile, inner ones fertile; receptacle chaffy; 

 involucral scales in many series, of various lengths, gla- 

 brous; heads solitary on long naked peducles. 



The culture of Xeranthemum is very simple. Seeds 

 are usually sown in the open, where the plants are to 

 stand; but they may be started indoors and the seed- 

 lings transplanted. Hardy or half-hardy annuals. 



XERANTHEMUM 



4nnuum, Linn. Fig. 2758. Annual, 2-3 ft. tall, erect, 

 white - tomentose : Ivs. alternate, oblong- lanceolate, 

 acute, entire: heads purple, 1-lK in. across, the longer 

 scales wide-spreading and ray-like. S. Europe.— Runs 

 into many varieties. Var. liguldsum, Voss {X. plenls- 

 simum and X. imperi&le, Hort.). A double or half- 



(XKJ. 



double form. Var. perliguldsum, Voss (X. supetblssi- 

 mnm, Hort.), has very full double heads. In these and 

 the single types there are white-fld. (var. album}, rose- 

 fld. (var. roseum) and purple-fld. {v&T. piirpureum) va- 

 rieties. There are also violet-fld. forms. Var. multiUd- 

 rum, Hort. (var. compactum) has a more compact and 



