TNTRODUCTOKY XXI 



C. — The upper extremities. 



This examination is made from below upward. Time is saved by the surgeon 

 himself actins: as well as tellino- the recruit the movements he desires to be made 

 The following are the directions : 



1. Stretch out your arms, with the palms of your hands upward. 



2. Bend the fingers backward and forward. 



3. Bend your thumbs across the i)alms of your hands. 



4. Bend the fingers over your thumbs. 



5. Bend your wrists baclcAvard and forwaixl. 



6. Bend the elbows. 



7. Turn the backs of the hands upward. 



8. Swing your arms round at the shoulders. 



9. The surgeon approaches the recruit and examines for marks of vaccination. 

 Bemarks. — This comprehends the inspection for loss or defects of the fingers, 



thumbs, wrists, elbow and shoulder joints, power of rotating the forearm, and vacci- 

 nation. If not vaccinated, the circumstance should be stated on the attestation-papers. 



.D. — The head and neck. 



The examination is made from above downward. The surgeon notes the intelli- 

 gence, character of voice, and power of hearing of the recruit by his replies to the 

 questions put to him. The following are the directions : 



1. Have you had any blows or cuts on the head? Are you subject to fits or 

 giddiness ! The surgeon at the same time examines the scalp. 



2. The surgeon examines the ears. 



3. Do you see well ! The surgeon examines the eyes and eye-lids. 



4. He examines the nostrils. 



5. He examines the mouth, palate, and fauces, and then tells the recruit to say 

 loudly, "Who comes there?" 



6. He examines the neck. 



7. The recruit is desired to dress himself 



8. The special tests for power and range of vision are applied to each eye, as 

 directed on the card of test-dots furnished for that purpose. , 



Bemarhs. — This comprehends the inspection for injuries of the head, deafness, 

 disease of the ears, defect of voice, polypus of nose, state of teeth, scrofulous idcera-* 

 tion, glandular enlargements, and defects of vision. 



For testing the power of vision, a quite simple but efi'ective invention by Professor 

 Longmore is directed to be made use of It consists of a card, iq^on which are printed 

 square dots at irregvilar intervals. A slide covers the whole or a part of these dots, 

 as desired. The card is held 15 feet from the recruit, at which distance each dot 

 corresponds to the bull's eye, 2 feet square, at 000 yards, which is required to be 

 quite visible to the soldier. The eyes are to be tested, together and separately, by 

 obliging the man to describe the iuiml)er and relative position of the dots as they are 

 varied in expo.sure by the person holding the card. 



In measuring the chest of recruits, it is directed that the measuring-tape be placed 

 quite horizontally round the chest, the lower edge of the ii\\)(i touching the U})per i)art 



