INTRODUCTORY. LXXIII 



mean height of these men he states at 5 feet 7 niches and 7 hnes, Bavarian measnre, 

 equivalent to 1.63S metres, or 5 feet 4 J inches, Enghsh. The mean weight he deter 

 mines at 117:^ pounds, Bavarian, equivalent to 65.G5 kilogrammes, or 144| pounds 

 avoirdupois. An interesting fact recorded by Dr. Meyer may be mentioned for its 

 ethnological bearing.^ He found the minimum of height to be among the natives of 

 the town of Furtli, which is chiefly populated by Jews ; this is confirmatory of a 

 statement of Schutz, of St. Petersburg, as to the low mean stature of Russian and 

 Polish Jews when compared with that of the people surrounding them, a peculiarity 

 dependent in their case upon the shortness of their lower limbs relatively to the size of 

 the trunk.- 



Anthropometry, as a means of diagnosis of difference of race, formed a prominent 

 and important part of the labors of the scientific corjis attached to the Austrian frigate 

 Novara in its exploring expedition round the globe in 1857, 1858, and 1859. Drs. 

 Scherzer and Schwarz devised a scheme of measurements more copious and minute than 

 any previously attempted, except in the studio. Uinvard of seventy special dimensions 

 were taken in every instance where it was found possible, in addition to eight general 

 observations. Of these, the measurements of the head numbered 31 ; of the trunk, 

 18, and of the extremities, 2!.^ 



Dr. Schwarz somewhat modified this plan after his return, and in a work published 

 in 1862 gives directions for taking measurements to the number of 80 ; of these, 40 

 are of the head alone, and present a very complete system of craniometry.^ By 

 means of »the prosopometer, an instrument perfected by Dr. Schwarz, he claims that 

 the cubic capacity of the skull can be approximatively calculated from external meas- 

 urements. The time required to obtain all these valuable dimensions will, it is to be 

 feai'ed, render them difficult of application on a large scale. 



M. Boudin, the distinguished French army-surgeon, has composed extremely 

 valuable tables and charts, the results of his extensive observations of recruits.^ The 

 mean height was made especially the subject of his investigations, and his tables have 

 been applied in connection with the researches of Broca in a very thorough and 

 conclusive manner to determine the mean height of the inhabitants of different districts 

 of France.'' M. Boudin is of opinion that although soil, local surroundings, and cli- 

 mate are largely accountable for the infirmities which disable from the military serv- 

 ice, yet that they exercise little influence on height, which is always an affair of race 

 or hereditary descent.^ A remarkable increase in the mean height of French recruits 



' CanstaU'e Jahresbtricht der medeciv, 1803, hand vii, p. 57. 



= M. Boudin asserts with great positiveuess that tbo physical condition of the Jewish race is not moditied by local 

 causes in the same manner as that of those among whom they live : " La race jiiive ohiiit a den lots statisliqiics de iiais- 

 sance, de maladies el de mortalitv compU:ement differentes de cellos aKxqiielles soiit soiimiscs Ics aiitres populations aii milieu des- 

 quelks elle vil." Du noii-cosmopolitisme dcs races hiimaines, Mem. de la Soc. d'Anthroj). de Paris, IbUO, t. i, p. 93. 



' Reise dcr Oslerreichi«elien frcgatte Novara um die crde in den jahren, 1857, 1858, 1859, anlhropologiselicr Ihvil, 'J/c 

 ahtheilung, 4to, Wieu, 18G7. 



*Anthropologii, {Novara expedition,) a system of anthropomelrieal inocstif/ations as a means for the differential diagnosis 

 of human races, 4to, Vienna, 1862. 



'Htudcs ethnologiqnes sur la taillect Ic poids de Vhomme chez divers peuples. Kecueil dcSIem. dcs med., dochirurg., &e., 

 3mo s(Srie, t. ix, j). 1G9 ; t. x, p. 1, Paris, 1863. 



'• Hecherehes snr Vellinologie de la France, par Paul Buoca, Bull, de la Soc. d'Anthrop., 1859, t. i, p. C. 



' liestillals ethnologiqnes du recrutcment dans I'armc'c frangaisc, par J. C. M. BOUDIN. Bull, de la Soc. d'Authrop., t. ii, 

 p. 6(;4, 18G4. 



X 



