REVIEW OF THE TABLES AND THEIR RESULTS. 



"If we are to devote our attention, before all things, to what can be measured and weighed, 

 the living man is the first object which demands our investigation. The 'average man' of Europe 

 liavingbcen determined by Qnctelet, his system is now applied to races." — Carl Vogt. 



Ill consulting' the tables of Vol. II, it will be found of importance to bear in mind 

 the exact nieaniiifr to be attached to certain terms Avliich appear in them. Some of 

 these terms are used in a more restricted sense than their ordinary employment would 

 seem to authorize, but the exj)lanation is to be found in their original use by the Pro- 

 vost-Marshal-General's Bureau in tlie forms and re])orts required during the war. 



When the law' was enacted requiring an enrollment to be made of the entire male 

 population, witliin certain limits of age, with a view to compulsory military service, it 

 becanKi quite common for men who had been enrolled, but v.ho believed that tliey 

 were disqualified by physical infirmity, to present themselves voluntai'ily to the medi- 

 cal otficer for examination. If their claim for exemption proved to be well founded, 

 their names Avere erased from the rolls ; but if otherwise, they continued, like othei's, 

 to be liable to the draft. The effort to relieve the rolls of all unavailable material was 

 purposely encourag-ed by the authorities of eticli district, inasmuch as the quota of 

 men to be provided under any call l)ore relation to the total numlier enrolled. By 

 this |)rudent expurgation, the quota was diminished, and the supplv of men from which 

 it was to be filled became correspondingly more availaljle. The details of tlie exami- 

 nations, made from the motives described, form part of the tables, and the men, Avhether 

 found qualified for a soldier's life or not, are described as '^Enrolled Men.'" 



After tlie enrollment was completed, the quota of" men due from each district under 

 each successive call was equitably supplieil 1)A' lot, and the conscripts, whether retained 

 in the service or discharged, after examination by the surgeon, are spoken of as 

 ''Drafted Men!' 



The law provided that ain* citizen enrolled as liable to military duty might pre- 

 sent a suljstitute provisionally; and during the peiiod of time for v/hich the substitute 

 (if found qualified) was accepted, his principal Avas exempt from draft. In like manner, 

 a man ivho had been, drafted was able to obtain exemption from service if he succeeded 

 in furnishing a satisfactory substitute before reporting at the "camp of rendezA'OUS " 

 In either case, if the substitute became liable to draft at any time thereafter, the liabil- 

 ity of the principal immediately recurred, and his name Avas again placed upon the 

 rolls. 3Ien offered in the manner described, Avliether accepted or rejected by the exam- 

 ining surgeon, form the ''Sithstitides" of the tables. 



During the operation of the enrollment-laAv, volunteering by no means ceased, 



'Jet for riiroViiig and caUinij out the. nnlUmal forces, a])proved March 3, 1863. 



