THIC CHARTS CLASS III LOCALITY. 87 



respectively represent cause and effect. The first is a supposition that, as the majority 

 of musicians play upon wind-instruments, either habitually or frequently, the action of 

 the lungs imder pressure prevents the establishment of phthisis : (1) by developing- the 

 pectoral muscles ; (2) by keeping- in action and open to the air all the air-cells ; and 

 (3) by g■i^'ing tone, so to speak, to the lung'-tissue. . The second hypothesis is the con- 

 verse of the first, and is that only such men as possess sound lungs by inheritance are 

 ever capable of attaining sufficient excellence as performers to become professional 

 Hiusicians. This reasoning does not, nor is it intended to, apply ^o other than musi- 

 cians who play upon ■wind-instruments ; but as such largely predominate among musi- 

 cians, an effect, as described in the first supposition, upon them, woidd be an effect 

 upon the ratio rejected from among all. In the absence of statistics upon the i)omt, 

 it is impossible to say whether or not the musicians rejected were mainly of those who 

 play upon other than wind-instruments. The spirometer has shown that army-buglers 

 have great capacity of lungs ; but the same difficulty again arises as to wdiether the 

 effect of using the lungs under pressure and resistance is promotive of, not capacity, but 

 healthy action. 



So through all the charts various and almost numberless questions present them- 

 selves, and they will doubtless be discussed by others more capable than the compiler 

 of this report. 



CHARTS OF CLASS III. 



(XXXV TO LVIII, INCLUSIVE.) 



These charts are intended to show, by States, the relation of Locality to Disease. 

 Table 22, from which they are derived, gives in detail, though in a less concise man- 

 ner, each particular disease on account of wdiich drafted men were found inifit for 

 military service, as well as the ratio rejected in each congressional or enrollment dis- 

 trict 



It is evident that a thorough and complete discussion of the subject involves a no 

 less thorough and complete consideration of the varied circumstances of climate and 

 the geological characteristics of each State — in short, a minute statement of the physical 

 geography of the whole territory in which examinations were made ; but as this 

 report must, from its very nature, be confined as closely as practicable to the statistical 

 matter in hand, no extended discussion, however interesting it might prove, will be 

 attempted. 



As is the case generally with the charts, the facts are so plainly indicated that it 

 would seem superfluous to call attention to them ; but a few may be pointed out, and 

 some modifying- circumstances mentioned. As will be seen, the names of the States 

 are arranged in the different charts with reference to the magnitiule of the ratio of re- 

 jection ; that of the State in wliich it was greatest being placed first in the list, and the 

 position of the others determined by the magnitude of their respective ratios. 



Phthisis puhnonalis, on account of its general prevalence and great importance, 

 is presented in Chart XXXVII, with additional divisions of the territorial area em- 

 braced in the States from which the statistics are drawn ; and the following table of the 

 average altitude of the different States, kindly funiislierl by Dr. J. i\r. Toner, ex-presi- 



