SUKOKON-S' KEPOins NEW .JEK^^EV TllllMi IHSTIUCT. 285 



possessors of old le;jnl(;crs wore very anxious to be exiuniiu'cl with tlieir stockings ou. A eon^ili 

 was i)eisistently smothered; wiiile deafness was [tassed off as lieedlessness. A defieiency in teeih 

 was frequently supplied with false ones; while defeetivi' vision was assiduously denied even after 

 its imperfeetion had been thorouj;hly ascertained. 



The largest number of recruits, substitutes, and drafted men examined i)roiuiscuously by 

 myself and assistant in one day was eighty-seven. The maxiuunu number that can be daily 

 disposed of by two surgeons in a provost-marshal's ottice, conducted like the one in this district 

 may be set down at one hundred men. 



Of all the varied races of men ])resenting themselves at this oflice, the Americau seems to 

 [lossess most the " mens sana in corpore nduo,'' and to be the best adapted for military service. 

 Although he has some striking and radical defects, such as have been alluded to previously, aud, 

 often has too much height for his breadth, yet withal his form is symmetrical and his osseous system 

 is fairly de\eloi)e(l and firmly put together. His muscles are tense and compact, although on the 

 average not so prominent as those of the English or Irish. His chest is ample and rotund; and, 

 although the mean circumference is not so gi'eat as in the Irish, the difference is due more 

 to smaller muscles and paucity of connective aud adi|iose tissues than to a less capacity within its 

 cavity. His abdomen is flat, with firm walls, and his extremities are rounded and neatly formed; 

 the legs being remarkably free from the varicose veins and ulcers of the leg which are so common 

 among the Germans, and, to some extent also, among the Irish. Finally, in fntelUgcnce he is 

 incomparably in advance of the men of any other nationality. 



The colored race, physically, are well develoi)ed, muscular, ami strong. Their organization 

 denotes the pos.session of brute Ibrce rather than intellectual preeninience. The facial angle is 

 smaller than thatof the white man, with i)roniinence of the lower jaw, and with large muscles for mas- 

 tication. The shoulders are massive, with powerful muscles attached to the superior extremities. 

 The buttocks are flattened la'terally and are prominent jiosteriorly, with the fissure between them 

 (leei)er and more compressed than that of the whites; in this, the anus is ilee[)ly sunk, and is mostly 

 free from disease. The penis is large and long, aud jiot often scarred with chancres. The thighs 

 are muscular and are approached close together along their upper and middle thirds by the size 

 and prominence of the adductor muscles. The bellies of the gastrocnemius and soleus are not as 

 fleshy in the black as in the white race, while their tendons are larger and more prominent. ' The 

 feet are broad and flat, with great projection of the tuberosity of the os calcis. With the exception 

 of a greater tendency to scrofulous disorders, they are quite as free from disease as the whites. 

 The negro, then, would seem to be well adapted to endure the fatigues of a long march, and, 

 in those duties of a soldier where maiuial labor is required, ought to be superior to the white 

 man. # # * 



JOHN K. STEVENSON, 

 Surgeon Board of Enrollment Fimt District of Neic Jersey. 



Camden, N. J., Axtril 30, 1865. 



NEW JERSEY— THIRD DISTRICT.' 



Extracts from report of Dr. Robekt Westcott. 



* * * Previous to my ai)pointment in June, 1863, 1 had no experience in medico- 



military matters except assisting in the examination of some of the three-months' aud other volun- 

 teers at the opening of the war; which examinations, as is well known, were very suiierficial, and 

 could scarcely properly be called medical examinations at all. During l.SGo, and the earlier months 

 of 1804, 1 had comijaratively little of that kind of work to do; my duties being at that time princi- 

 pally confined to examinations for the Invalid Corps, an<l, as one of the members of the board of 

 enrollment, assisting in the proper organization of the ottice. Since the month of May, lS(i4, I 

 have examined 13,377 men, of whom records were made ; also from 1,500 to 2,000 men enrolled but 

 not dratted, who made application for exemption, but in whom the claims for exemption were not 



' No report was received from the second district. 



