surgeons' RKPORTS PENNSYLVANIA — THIKD DISTRICT. 299 



cbaracter, I would iiuike them a cause of exemption. Section 33. The total loss of eitlier tliuuib, 

 or total loss of the index finger of the right hand, I think, shoidd be cause of exemption. * * 



From twenty-Jive to thirty men are as many as can be physically examined with accuracy per 

 day. 



Among the many frauds attempted by drafted and enrolled men were feigning deafness, near- 

 sightedness, heart-disease, consumption, stiffness of joints, rheumatism, ba-niorrhoids, hernia, and 

 general debility. The most common frauds, and the most to be guarded against, as practiced by 

 recruits and substitutes, were the use of artificial teeth, dyeing the hair, concealing imperfect vision 

 or heart disease, simulating strength with alcoholic stimidaiits, concealing injiaies, and denying 

 that they ever had any kind of disease or ailment. Most or all of these frauds can be detected by 

 a careful examination and by noting all particulars. When any doubt exists, the surgeon should 

 make another examination on the next or second day, and see if the sauie symptoms still exist. 



The American peoi)le, in my opinion, present by far the highest physical (pialities for military 

 service. 



My experience as regards the physical qualifications of the colored race for military service is 

 of such a limited character as not to be entitled to much weight; but, from what I have seen, I am 

 favorably impressed with their physical qualifications tor such work. 



As regards the enrollment-law, I have no comments to offer other than to say that, so far as 

 the raising of men to fill the Army is concerned, it is very efficient, as it acted as a stimulant to 

 the people to avoid the draft iu their districts. The mode of dividing into small districts is a good 

 one, making each accountable for itself. * * # 



K. W. KICHIE. 

 SitrrjcoH Board of Enrollment Second Dintrict of Pennsylvania. 



Philadelphia, Pa., Jvne 15, 1«65. 



PENNSYLVANIA— THIRD DISTRICT. 

 Extracts from report of Dr. Alexander C Hart. 



* * * The whole number of men examined by me was about five thousand. 



That ])ortion of the city of Philadelphia lyiug contiguous to the river Delaware, extending 

 westward from said river to Tenth street, and from Vine street (the northern boundary-line of tbe 

 old city proper) to Lehigh avenue on the north, comprises iu its area the third congressional district 

 of this State. 



Its topography and geological formation possess no i)eculiar features that would develop or 

 shape the type of disease. The various maladies incident to other northern cities of the same lati- 

 tude prevail iu this. 



The causes contributing chiefly to swell the number of exemi)tions from draft are to he looked 

 for here in the occupation and mode of life of the population, which is made ui) chiefly of the laboring 

 classes. Within the limits of this district are to be found very many of the heaviest manufactories 

 of the city, such as iron-foundries, where the largest castings are made, rolling-mills, boiler and 

 machine shops, saw-factories, cotton and woolen mills, shi|)yards, large coal-de[)ots, &c. ; exacting on 

 the part of persons therein employed great and long-continued exertion, exposing them to frequent 

 and sudden extremes of temperature, thus damaging sight and heaiing, maiming limb, and contrib- 

 uting to a great extent to bring about functional and structural changes of tin; vital t)rgaus. It is 

 to be considered that the general character of the people shows a lack of culture ; that recreatiou 

 fiom labor is not sought for in the gratification of 'refined taste, where bodily toil would cea.se and 

 the i)hys)cal as well as the mental lacnlties of the num would be refreshed and strengthened, but iu 

 a way more congenial to their inclination — in parties and balls, in political and fire-company asso- 

 ciations, which nightly drain and exhaust their strength. Shall we wonder, then, with all these 

 influences bearing upon them, that we have found so small a portion possessing the necessary cpial- 

 ifications for military duty 2 



It is a lamentable fact, which must be acknowledged, that society, in particular portions of my 



