310 surgeons' reports PENNSYLVANIA SEVENTH DISTRICT. 



Source of Darby Creek, 440 feet above tide- water. 



Source of Crum Creek, 520 feet above tide-water. 



Source of Kidley Creek, 520 feet above tide- water. 



Source of Chester Creek, 500 feet above tide- water. 



Geology. — The structure of the greater portion of the couuty is primitive. The rocks are mostly 

 mica, slate, gueiss, aud syenite, though there are also considerable quantities of granite, quartz, 

 feldspar, mica, serpentine, and a little limestone. 



The northeastern townships are principally composed of mica-slate, while in the northwestern 

 the gneiss, and in the southwestern the syenite, are most abundant. In the southern part of Radnor 

 and Newtown there is a trap-dike, on the northern border of which a ridge of serpentine may be 

 traced. On Gulf Creek, on the northeastern corner of Radnor, there is a small limestone-quarry. 

 The townships of Haverford and Marple, with a portion of Middletown, are i)rincipally covered 

 with drift, from a few inches to several feet iu thickness. It is mostly composed of siliceous sand 

 aud pebbles, which, near the streams, have been entirely washed away, leaving the gueiss and mica- 

 slate quite prominent. 



South of this there is another trap-dike, which commences at Flat Rock Bridge, on the 

 Schuylkill, and enters the county at the southeastern corner of Haverford, passing through the 

 northern part of Upper Darby. Serpentine can be traced on the borders of this also. Along the 

 Delaware River there is a deposit of alluvium, varying in breadth from a half mile to a mile; a 

 considerable portion of it is marsh, which is generally well banked aud drained. 



Tinicum is an island of sandy alluvium, which bears a striking resemblance to the soil of 

 Western New Jersey. There are a few rocks of granite near the central part of it. 



Lying adjacent to the alluvium, and spreading back from three to four miles, is auother deposit 

 of drift, which extends the whole length of the county. 



Its southwestern end consists principally of white clay and bowlders, which belong to the 

 syenitic series; the remainder of the deposit bears some resemblance to the first, except that with 

 the tjuartz pebbles there are found others of sandstone of secondary formation. This drift varies 

 much iu thickness, and iu some places there is not a trace of it visible. On several of the creeks 

 iu this section are excellent quarries of granite-gneiss. In the townships of Middletown, Springfield, 

 Edgmont, and Concord, considerable beds of serpentine and cellular quartz are found, and there is 

 also a trace of them in the northern part of Upper Chichester. • * * In the southwestern 

 part of Birmingham there is a small bed of limestone, which, with the one described iu Radnor, 

 are the only two in the couuty. 



The general character of the inhabitants of Delaware Couuty does not differ materially from 

 those of Chester County. 



There are thirty-five cotton manufactories and fifteen woolen manufactories, giving employment 

 to many hundreds of men, women, and children. Farming and dairying are also extensively carried 

 on. The condition of the land has improved much in quality, and advanced in price within a few 

 years. 



" Views on parayraph 85." — With the exception of sections 20, 23, and 21), I am entirely satisfied 

 with the above paragraph ; and- in my opinion, with a proper construction aud understanding, and 

 strict adherence to the different sections thereof, justice to drafted men will in all cases be done 

 under it. As regards section 20, which says, " Total loss of all the front teeth, the eye teeth, and 

 first molars, even of one jaw," &c., I would say that, to comply strictly with this section, (-which I 

 have at all times endeavored to do,) we are compelled to hold men to service who are almost tooth- 

 less. Many men have lost all their front teeth, their molar-teeth, and have remaining their eye- 

 teeth only. Others, again, have lost all their teeth, except the incisors of one jaw. If the loss of 

 teeth alone is a sufficient cause for exemption, I would suggest that section 7 of paragraph 95 be 

 substituted ; a proper compliance therewith would insure justice to all. 1 am of opinion that the 

 loss of "teeth alone is not in all cases a suflicient cause for exemption from military service. I have 

 examined many hundreds of drafted men aud men seeking to have their names stricken from the 

 enrollment on the ground of eutire loss of teeth; they were often young men in vigorous health, 

 wearing sets of elegant artificial teeth, answering all the purposes of natural teeth. I' know from 

 actual observation that many men have served in the military service in the field, from three mouths 



