lies or individuals ; and for the creation of such exchangeable 

 values with all nations, agriculture is the main dependence. It is 

 the Wheat and other cereals of temperate climates, the Rice 

 and Cotton of the South, the Hemp and Flax of the iXorth, the 

 Cofiee and Spices of Tibpical regions, the Teas of China, all 

 products of agriculture ,''|^at freight the ships on every sea, and 

 constitute those articles oi^ exchange that maintain ihe commerce 

 of the world. 



So too, it is agriculture that supplies to a great extent the raw 

 material for manufacture ; and upon the development of the 

 industry of the former that of the latter mainly depends. For 

 manufacturing is but litde more than changing and modifying the 

 products of agriculture, and without it neither manufactures or 

 commerce, that but distributes the results of both, could have an 

 existence. 



Agriculture, indispensable as the only reliable source for a 

 supply of food, and exercising as it does so important an influence 

 in the social economy, is if possible increased in consequence by 

 being the only unfailing source of national wealth and greatness. 

 A nation wholly dependent upon others for food, would be 

 almost powerless ; even a partial reliance of this kind, operates 

 as a continued drain upon its resources, and tends to cripple its 

 power. Of this the nations of the present day furnish abundant 

 evidence, without rendering it necessary to turn back to the times 

 of an earlier civilization for proofs to establish the fact. 



Foreign armies may ravage a country ; storms and tempests 

 sweep over it ; fire waste its cities, or earthquakes overthrow 

 them, yet a prosperous agriculture will soon efface all traces 

 of such ravages, and as in ancient fable — the giant had his 

 strensijth constantly renewed by contact with his mother-earih — 

 so nations find in the bosom of the, when kindly treated, ever 

 fertile soil, means of speedy restoration from the most dire 

 calamities. 



Various causes, some having a direct relation to it, and others 

 foreign and extraneous in their nature, influencing alike the 



