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similar substances. It is not so much the severity ol" the cold 

 that is to be guarded against, as the heaving the ground caused 

 by its repeated freezings and thawings and to the effect of winter, 

 may the loss of young Pear Trees, that so frequently occurs, be 

 usually ascribed, rather than to those causes to which this destruc- 

 tion is commonly imputed. Whatever covering may have been 

 used to protect the roots in winter, should be left round the 

 trees m Summer, to operate as a mulching that keeping the 

 ground moist and cool, tends to promote their health and vigor. 



Proper attention should be given to the preparation of the 

 ground, before planting, by draining where necessary, to get rid 

 of stagnant or under ground water — by deep ploughing, or better 

 by trenching, that the roots may readily extend to a sufficient 

 depth, that the au' and heat may penetrate it, and the rain pass 

 through it, and it should be made sufficiently rich by manure, if 

 not already so, for a crop of corn. In planting, the holes should 

 be made larger in diameter than the extent of the roots, and the 

 trees should not be set too deep. It is an operation that with 

 care, may be performed successfully in either Autumn or Spring, 

 the former especially for large trees, seems to me the preferable 

 season, the ground being then usually in a better condition. 



The Pear tree seems to thrive best, in a deep, rich, moderately 

 moist, not wet, clayey loam, though so far as the fruit only is 

 concerned, all varieties do not seem equally suited to the same 

 soil, some apparently arriving at greater perfection, in a stifl', 

 others in a light soil. For orchard or open culture, pears should 

 be grown on their own roots, in gardens, they are frequently 

 cultivated on the quince ; for this however some varieties will 

 not answer, seeming never to thrive, or to become perfectly 

 united with the Stock; while there are others, that appear to as- 

 similate to, and become completely incorporated with the quince. 

 There is evidently a great difference in the growth of difterent 

 varieties of the Pear Trees, some being of strong, rapid, vigor- 

 ous growth, others of weak, slow and feeble habit, in grafting or 

 budding the difierent varieties, attention should be paid to these 



