12G ESSAY ON DEEP TILLING. 



an abundance of the former for all our walks, and small stones to 

 drain an acre of wet land, and filled their places with better mate- 

 rial. Portions with clay and sandy subsoil were trenched both at 

 the same time, and loads of each exchanged and mixed, making 

 some of our best land. 



This made-soil is still more expensive than the merely trenched, 

 but land that is comparatively worthless is thus rendered valuable. 

 Land on which no dependence can be placed for a crop in dry or 

 wet seasons, may be made the most productive, and permanent 

 success secured. Many trees which flourish through a series of 

 ordinary years, die during the first severe drought, as has been the 

 case the past season. Let then the cultivator make his soil of 

 uniform quality and depth, and be no longer liable to vexation, or 

 doomed to disappointment. 



While land is being trenched or re-soiled, as above, it is a conve- 

 nient time to level or grade, and this has not been one of the least 

 of our objects. Any superfluous yellow loam spread on grass land, 

 or sand or gravel on clay land, will well pay for the carting. The 

 agriculturist has many opportunities for improvement. While 

 much of his work is laborious, he is not usually as active and indus- 

 trious as men engaged in other business. Our early youth was 

 spent on a farm, and we are now returning to our first love. Men 

 of all pursuits and professions seldom find a resting place, mentally 

 or physically, till they own more or less of terra fir ma ; and we envy 

 not the person who does not enjoy improving and embellishing it. 



TRENCH SPADING. 



The cultivator who makes no other extra, and to him, useless 

 outlay, will find his reward with many garden crops, in Avhat may 

 be called double or trench spading. We do it thus : — Spade a cut 

 in the usual way, then step into the excavation at one end and work 

 backwards, spading of course at the bottom of the first cut, throwing 

 the earth on top of that first turned up, or leaving it in the trench. 

 We prefer the former, for as the reader is already aware, we like 

 some poor soil at the surface. The next regular cut will then fall 

 at the bottom of this spaded trench. Twice the time is required 

 to spade in this manner, but double the crop will follow, in a dry 

 season. Corn planted the past year on land so prepared and pre- 

 viously well manured, showed no signs of the excessive drought, 



