FARMS. 99 



well supplied with posts and small wood. Care is taken to keep 

 the oaks and walnuts well thinned out, and cattle are carefully ex- 

 cluded. It is thought that the locust posts make this plantation 

 remunerative at the present time, while the thousands of young fir 

 trees springing up from the seed in the rich/orest mould, will add 

 to their present profits, and the steady growth of the oaks and 

 walnuts promises an abundant supply of timber at no very distant 

 date. 



In addition to these plantations I noticed a beautiful avenue of 

 chestnuts, a curious specimen of ground ash engrafted upon the 

 mountain ash, and some valuable fruit trees. 



The soil of the farm appears to be, on the highlands, a yellow 

 gravelly loam resting on a clay pan — the meadows alluvial deposit 

 also resting on clay. The land for the last thirty years has always 

 been ploughed deep, and cultivated in ridges, excepting when 

 planted with Indian corn, in which case the ground is left flat. On 

 the upland, a rotation of potatoes, corn and oats, is used to renovate 

 grass land — in the meadows, winter rye and grass seed are sown, 

 after taking off the crop of hay, which is the chief "sale crop." 



The buildings on the farm are very substantial and convenient. 

 The barn is 120 feet in length by 42 in width, with two wings, 

 each 80 feet in length, one of which is connected with the house. 

 It has a basement story of stone containing the stables, root-cellar, 

 hennery, cider-mill, and hay press. The horses . and cattle stand 

 on stone pavements, with stone gutters leading to^ a large manure 

 tank, into which loam is frequently thrown during the summer. 

 The hay is stored in the second story of the barn, on either side of 

 a floor 200 feet in length, upon which ten or twelve loads of hay 

 can stand at once to be unloaded. One wing of the barn contains 

 a carriage house, cart shed, and carpenter's shop, where all the 

 ordinary repairing of the farm is done. The barn-yard is so ar- 

 ranged that the drainage is carried into the tank above mentioned. 

 The stock on the farm generally consists of four oxen, seven cows, 

 and four young cattle, mostly Durhams crossed with the Ayrshire, 

 which cross has been found to be most profitable for the farm. 



I regret that I have been unahle to give a more explicit account 

 of the management and products of this interesting farm. The 

 convenience of its arrangements, tlie character of its soil, the varie- 



