42 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. [Pub. Doc. 



learn how to convert that raw material into the best grade of 

 product possible. Let me urge upon you not only to en- 

 deavor to work along these lines which the Doctor has sug- 

 gested, but also encourage other farmers to do the same 

 thing. There is wonderful power in example. If we are to 

 put Massachusetts among the foremost dairy States in the 

 Union, I believe we must do it by educating the every-day 

 farmer. He has a tendency to shut his eyes. Let us go 

 home with these purposes fixed in our minds, to see if we 

 cannot help the farmers forward, first, by setting an example, 

 and then encouraging others to work along with us. 



Dr. TwiTCHELL. There is one point I want to add to what 

 Dr. Lindsey has so well set forth. Let us not feel that we 

 have reached the capacity of our animals, but give that care 

 and attention by which we may be able to determine their 

 individuality and their value ; and in breeding for 1898 se- 

 cure animals which are distinctly of dairy type. I would 

 add to this a study of the internal structure of the udder. 

 Again I enter, perhaps, the realm of theory, but nevertheless 

 a point worthy of testing in individual experience. A fleshy 

 udder is always objectionable. The internal structure may 

 be determined by feeling of the bag. 



Dr. Lindsey. I would like to inquire how the farmers in 

 Massachusetts may improve the quality of their dairy cows ; 

 how they are going to raise up a better herd of cows, — milk 

 producers or milk and butter producers. 



Dr. TwiTCHELL. I would select with special reference to 

 the structure of the cows to be bred from, and then give sharp 

 attention to the evidences of intelligence in the animal, avoid- 

 ing those which lack in brain capacity (largely manifested by 

 the head and especially by the eye). Having the udder and 

 other points as good as possible, I would then add by the 

 selection of the male, — first masculinity, then the broad, flat 

 rib, the deep, full barrel, the light quarters with the flat 

 shoulder, the rudimentary teats and the udder-like develop- 

 ment, the teats being well apart and not attached to the 

 scrotum. 



Dr. Lindsey. Would you suggest that they take the best 

 they have, and then purchase thoroughbred bulls ? 



Dr. TwiTCHELL. I would always advocate selecting the 



