No. 4.] mjURIOUS INSECTS. 167 



throughout the day. We used arsenate of lead at the rate of 

 twenty pounds to one hundred and fifty gallons of water. 

 That is about five times as strong as you would need to use 

 it. You could, therefore, save on the cost of the poison. 

 These figures may help you in making an estimate. 



Secretary Sessions. When spraying on the ground, you 

 would save climbing trees. In the gypsy moth work we 

 have made extensive and exhaustive experiments with pumps. 

 We have a pump that we expect to use next year, with which 

 one man, without much exertion, can use two or three lines 

 of hose with a spray nozzle at the end of each. I think it 

 would be worth your while to go to Maiden to see the pump. 

 I should suppose, if it would pay to spray with tobacco water, 

 it would pay to spray with arsenate of lead. 



Mr. KiRKiiAND. Where the vines are dense, the poison 

 would have to be used in a larger quantity, in order to wet 

 through the vines. 



Secretary Sessions. With our experience, we cannot tell 

 what it would cost, because we have not come in contact 

 with these conditions. 



Mr. Makepeace. In spraying for the gypsy moth, is it 

 common to make more than one application during the 

 season ? 



Mr. KiRKLAND. Where we spray during the forenoon* 

 and there comes a heavy rain at noon, w^e sometimes have to 

 re-spray. If we spray when the caterpillars are small and the 

 spray dries onto the leaves, one spraying is sufficient. As 

 a rule, we do not have to re-spray. 



Question. Would the spray falling on the grass injure 

 live stock or poultry ? 



Mr. KiRKLAND. In the case of poultry, it is better to shut 

 the fowls up for a few days after spraying. In the case of 

 live stock, I do not think there is any danger. Two years 

 ago I sprayed an apple tree very thoroughly with arsenate 

 of lead at the rate of twenty pounds to one hundred and fifty 

 gallons of water. When I finished, the grass underneath 

 was not very thoroughly soaked, so I turned the nozzle into 

 the grass. I cut the grass and fed it in two feedings to an 

 old horse that was about to be killed. The horse had a bad 

 leg, but its digestion was all right. We fed some of the 



