No. 4.] SMALL FRUITS. 235 



size and number until the whole leaf is infested, when it 

 turns brown and falls off, a few of the upper leaves only 

 escaping ; where this leaf blight comes on early it often so 

 weakens the canes that the fruit is small and the plantation 

 soon dies out. The remcvdy is spraying thoroughly with the 

 Bordeaux mixture just before the blossoms open, and again 

 as soon as the fruit has been gathered. 



Winter Covering. 

 The canes of even the most hardy varieties are sometimes 

 winter-killed and the crop seriously injured or wholly de- 

 stroyed. This injury can be certainly prevented by covering 

 the canes with soil in the fall just before the ground freezes. 

 Only a light covering of soil is needed, just enough to hold 

 the canes down to the ground. In the spring the canes should 

 be uncovered as soon as the frost has come out sufficiently, 

 for, if allowed to remain on the ground, they start into 

 growth too early, and will not stand up as readily as if raised 

 earlier. 



The Black-cap Raspberry. 



In a general way the black-cap requires about the same 

 treatment as to soil, cultivation, training, pruning and fertili- 

 zation as the red raspberry. It is considered less desirable for 

 home use and less profitable for the market than the latter, 

 but is more easily grown and produces a very much larger 

 quantity of fruit. It also grows in hills, and does not give 

 any trouble from suckers. 



Planting. 

 The black-caps are propagated by the rooting of the ends 

 of the canes in the fall, and should be set out only in the 

 spring. Great care should be exercised in planting them not 

 to set the "tips" too deeply, as the buds from which new 

 canes will grow are liable to injury by deep planting. A 

 very large per cent of the black-cap tips planted fail to grow 

 from this cause. A mound or a ridge between two furrows 

 is made, the roots are spread out with the bud on the highest 

 part of the mound or ridge, the roots running as deeply into 

 the soil as possible, and the soil is then pressed very firmly 



