104 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. [Pub. Doc. 



Question. He has a market, too? 



Mr. Dawley. Yes ; but the item of breakage is the one 

 thing that makes it expensive. I hoped to have here some 

 samples of the non-returnable milk bottle, but the manufac- 

 turer seems to be having considerable trouble in getting them 

 perfected. Of course your system of pouring is better than 

 the system of dipping that prevails in New York State ; but 

 that exposes the milk too much to outside contamination in 

 Avindy weather. 



Professor Cooley. One other question. Massachusetts 

 seems to have quite a variety of opinions as to what should 

 be the milk standard, and the unprejudiced opinion of an 

 outsider would be worth something to us. 



Mr. Dawley. I am very frank to say I believe your 

 standard is too high in Massachusetts. Our legal standard 

 is 1 per cent less than yours, — practically, it is only .7 of 1 

 per cent less than yours ; and I will tell you why. That is 

 one of the reasons why your standard is bad. The facts are 

 that in both States we have a legal, man-made standard for 

 milk, and nature doesn't produce that sort of milk. You 

 can find it, as you can find variation in anything ; but I will 

 defy you to find a sample of milk in the State of Massachu- 

 setts that will analyze in accordance with your legal, man- 

 made standard. The Lord didn't make cows that make that 

 kind of milk ; and when a man goes to work and makes a 

 law, whatever it is, that is at variance with the natural con- 

 ditions, the natural law, just at that moment he is going to 

 have trouble in enforcing that law. Our standard in New 

 York is a 12 per cent standard, 3 per cent of which shall be 

 fat and 9 per cent solids. The result of our examinations in 

 New York State indicate that, if milk as made there contains 

 9 per cent of solids, it will contain 3.275 per cent of fat, giv- 

 ing us a standard of total solids, don't you see, of 12.275, or 

 practically 12.3. The difficulty is, that the law as laid down 

 doesn't conform with the milk as the cow makes it. You 

 have the same difficulty to contend with over here. Now, 

 I believe this : it is necessary, in order to protect the con- 

 sumer and the producer as well in these days, when so much 

 milk is being shipped in large quantities through the ship- 



