CHAPTER VI. 



MULTIPLICATION. 



Sub-division. Intermarriage. Buds, Branches, Tillering, Tubers. Fer- 

 tilisation, Stamens, Anthers, Pollen, Pistil. Mechanism of Fertilisa- 

 tion. Cross Fertilisation. Transport of Pollen. Insect agency. 

 Self Fertilisation. Fertilisation of cereals. Hybridisation. Ger- 

 mination. 



Multiplication. There are two special ways in which 

 plants multiply. One is a mere process of extension or 

 subdivision a modified form of growth, in fact. The other 

 is the result of the union or commingling of a portion of the 

 protoplasm of one plant with a corresponding particle of an- 

 other plant. In the lower plants, as they are designated, it is 

 not even necessary that union of particles of protoplasm 

 from different plants should he effected. The contents of 

 one cell hlend with the contents of another cell on the same 

 plant, and the result is the formation of a seed or spore, by 

 means of which the plant is reproduced. The first process 

 of multiplication, by division, is called asexual, the second 

 sexual, because it is a process of intermarriage requiring 

 the co-operation of two distinct particles of protoplasm. In 

 the very lowest plants these two particles present no appre- 

 ciable differences, but in the higher plants and animals 

 they present such differences as to enable us to distinguish 

 one as male, the other as female. In the lowest, plant 

 the two particles are split off from the same mass of yroto- 



