xxii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



FIG. PAGE 



III. The Flower of the Field Gentian (Gentiana campestris, 



Linn.), showing the scale-like outgrowths from the throat 



of the corolla. Magnified 3 times . . . . 55 



IV. 1 and 2. The Alpine Soldanella (Soldanella alpina, Linn.) 



1. Longitudinal section of the flower. 



2. Section across the flower on the level of the scales. 



3 and 4. The Small Soldanella (S. pusilla, Baumg.) . 65 



3. Longitudinal section through the flower. 



4. Section across the flower in the plane of the anthers. 



(All after Schroeter.) 



V. Diagrammatic Views of the Heterostyled Flowers of a 



Primula ,* , * * > , 68 



1. Flower with short style and high stamens. 



2. Flower with long style and low stamens. 



VI. Section through a Chalk-gland on the edge of a Leaf of a 



Saxifrage. Highly magnified . . . .76 



VII. A Plant of the Hound-leaved Campanula (G. rotundifolia, 

 Linn.), grown in diffuse light. All the leaves are cordatej 

 like the seed-leaves. (After Goebel) *' . 84 



VIIL The Stamens and Carpels of Scheuchzer's Bell-flower 

 (Campanula Scheuchzeri, Vill.), illustrating the mech- 

 anism of the stylar brush. Enlarged . . .86 



1. United anthers surrounding the style in the unopened 



flower. 



2. The anthers separating and curling backwards. 



3. The empty anthers coiled in tight spirals, the style ; with 



the stylar brush, bearing pollen, and the three stigmas 

 beginning to unfold. 



IX. A Fruit (Capsule) of Campanula. Enlarged . . 88 



X. The Flowers of the Hound-headed Rampion (Phyteuma 



orbiculare, Linn.), in various stages. Magnified . . 92 



1. The united petals of a young flower, with the calyx below. 



2. The petals separating in an older flower. 



3. The petals further separated, and the style growing 



through the tip of the tube formed by the petals. 



4. Mature flower with free petals, showing the style with 



stylar brush, and the three expanded stigmas. 



