160 PLANTS OF THE ALPINE MEADOWS 



in other chapters. The flowers of the Long-spurred 

 Violet (Viola calcarata, Linn.) (p. 128), are a uniform 

 pale blue; those of the Two-flowered Violet (V. biftora, 

 Linn.) (p. 253) are yellow. 



The flowers of all the Violets are specially modified 

 or adapted to their insect visitors, and we may 





FIG. XV. Section of a Flower of the Field Pansy (Viola tricolor, Linn.). 



o, The flower-stalk; 6, sepal; c, petal; d, stamen; e, nectary; 

 /, spur of petal ; g, ovary ; h, stigma. 



perhaps choose this opportunity of describing the 

 flower of this common species in detail, in order 

 to compare those of the Long-spurred and Two- 

 flowered Violets. A section through a flower is shown 

 in Text-fig. XV. All the organs there seen can easily 

 be observed by dissecting a flower with a needle under 

 a hand-lens. 



