64 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 



the home of golden-rods, rosinweeds, sunflowers, and Rudbeckias, 

 besides numerous species of other genera of the same tribes us Heli- 

 opsis, Verbesina, and Coreopsis. The following species, common on 

 the plains of the western Alleghenian area, inhabit the open through- 

 out the Carolinian area from the lower Alleghenies to the Mississippi: 



Solidago neglecta. Helianthus divaricatu*. 



Solidago nemoralis. Reliant Im* afropurpureus. 



Solidago erecta. Heli< mthuxto mentosus. 



Solidago bicolor. Rud/>,r/.-i,i triloba. 



Silphium terebinthinaceum. Rudbeckia heliopsidis. 



Silphium asperrimum. Rudbeckia spathulata. 



Silphium intermedium. Verbesina aristata. 



Silphium dentatum. Heliopsis JieKanfftoide* (//. laevis). 



Silphium trifoliatum. Heliopsis minor. 



Silphium laevigatum. Coreopsis verticillata. 



Helianthus microcephalus. Aster vimineus foliosus. 



Helianthus hirsutm. ; Aster lateriflorus. 



Helianthus hirsutus trachyphyllus. Hieracium venosum. 



Helianthus tracheliifolius. Hieracium paniculatum. 



Helianthus strumosus. Hieracium mariamn/i. 



Helianthus schweinitzii. Hieracium scribneri. 



Mesophile plant associations. The highest summits are frequently 

 watered by numerous springs, giving rise to grassy swales and lively 

 brooklets. In the almost perpetually damp soil of the first prevail: 



Osmunda cinnamomea. Angelica villosa. 



Scleria caroliniana. Solidago arguta. 



Habenaria ciliaris. Solidago odora inodora. 



The damp banks of the brooks are shaded with a varied vegetation 

 of shrubs and small trees of which the following are examples: 



Kalmia latifoiia. Aronia arbutifolia. 1 



Ilex opaca. 1 Xolisma ligustrina. 



Amelanchier canadensis. 1 Hydrangea arbor escens cor data. 



A dwarfed form of the sweet birch (Betula lento) was found on the 

 cliff's near the brink where a brooklet on Chehawhaw Mountain leaps 

 over the precipitous escarpment. This tree, a species of noble dimen- 

 sions in its home in the Alleghenian life area, finds here, reduced to 

 a small shrub, its southern limit. Azalea viscosa glauca, with Zan- 

 thoriza apiifolia, 1 frequent throughout the mountains and Coast 

 plain, prefer the moistened rocks near the brink. In the open val- 

 leys from 1,000 to 2,000 feet above sea level as, for example, in the 

 Shinbone Valley and Talladega Valley in Clay County the following 

 associations of mesophile herbaceous plants have been observed. 



1 Growing also in the lower valleys and on the Coast plain. 



