FLORA OF PINE BARREN BOGS AND WATERS. 127 



The same associations of Sarracenias, sundews, pipeworts, orchids, 

 and Dichromenas which characterize the bogs of the uplands prevail 

 in the boggy marshes of the plain. In the surrounding mire a number 

 of marsh plants occur which are wanting, or are very rare, in the 

 boggy hills. Of such the following are abundant all over this area: 

 Lycopodium alopecuroides adpressum. Cyperus virens. 



Manisuris rugosa. Oyperus haspan. 



Paspalum praecox. Xyris communis. 



Paspalum membranaceum. Xyris fimbriata. 



Panicum stenodes. Xyris serotina. 



Selena torreyana. Xyris ambigua. 



Fuirena squarrosa hispida. Rhexia stricta. 



Fuirena squarrosa breviseta Lobelia paludosa. 



Oyperus nuttallii, Tofieldia racemosa. 



The main channel of the gently flowing pine-barren streams is 

 inhabited by a number of floating hydrophytes. Of the lower orders 

 of plants BatracJwspermum sp., with dark-green moniliform floating 

 thallus over 1 foot in length, attaches its roots to logs and submerged 

 roots of trees, associated with the large fronds of a water moss (Fonti- 

 nalis distichd). Of flower ing plants, occur in these waters: HydroMoa 

 fluitans, its long, floating stems in dense tufts frequently filling the 

 bed of the streams; Nuphar sagittifolia, Utricularia purpurea, the 

 golden club, Orontiwn aquaticum, and Scirpus cylindricus. 



The still waters of the estuary of Mobile River and of the larger 

 streams emptying into the upper part of the bay, fresh, except at 

 long intervals, when it is slightly brackish, harbor a number of sub- 

 merged species, forming in their dense mass subaquatic meadows, the 

 feeding grounds of large flocks of waterfowl. The thread-like, 

 many-branched stems of Nitella acuminata var. and a short-stemmed 

 species of the same genus, growing in dense tufts, form the floor of 

 this limnsean 1 vegetation, which is then made up of the following, 

 which open their flowers above or below the water: 

 Zannichellia palustris. Potamogeton lonchites. 



Ruppia maritima. Potamogeton perfoliatus. 



Ceratophyttum demersum. Myriophyllum laxum. 



Potamogeton crispus. Utricularia vulgaris. 



Potamogeton pusillus. Batrachium divaricatum. 



Potamogeton hybridus. Sagittaria JUiformis (rare). 



Nelumbo lutea also appears, though but rarely. Vallisneria spiralis 

 and the rarer Philotria ( Udora) canadensis, remarkable in their mode 

 of fertilization, are also frequently associated with the above. 



Other hydrophytic herbaceous associations have their seat in the 

 open river marshes. The islands in the lower part of the delta and 

 the low banks of the streams in the tide- water region are covered with 

 deep and extensive open marshes, the soft silt of which, rich in humus, 

 supports an association of paludial plants (halophytes), which take root 



1 Hydrophytic class of Enalids or sea-grass vegetation of Warming. 



