326 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 



Juniperus virginiana L. Sp. PL 2 : 1039. 1753. RED CEDAR. SAVIN. 



Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Am. 3 : 42, t. 5. Ell. Sk. 2 : 717. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 494. 

 Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2 : 555. 



Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Quebec, Ontario, New England, west to Min- 

 nesota, eastern Nebraska, and Texas, and south to Florida and the Gulf coast. 



ALABAMA : Over the State. Flowers latter part of January and in February ; fruit 

 matures in October of the first year. Most frequent and in great perfection in the 

 coves and valleys of the Tennessee basin, forming more or less extensive brakes in 

 the limestone ridges of the same region. In the Central Prairie belt and the adjacent 

 Upper division of the Coast Pine belt, once abundant; at present almost exhausted. 



Type locality : "Hab. in Virginia, Carolina.'' 



Economic uses : The timber is highly valuable for pencil wood and other purposes. 

 Medicinally it yields the leaves or tops of Juniper an viryiniana U. 8. P., 1870. Obso- 

 lete. The oil of red cedar, distilled from the wood, is used in perfumery and as an 

 insectifuge. 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Juniperus barbadensis L. Sp. PI. 2 : 1039. 1753. 



Juniperus virginiana australis Carr. Trait. Conif. 44. 1855. 



Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 246. Griseb. Fl. Brit. VV. lud. 503. 



Tree 50 to 60 feet high, the sturdy trunk 16 to 24 inches in diameter, 15 to rarely 

 25 feet tall ; limbs wide-spreading, forming a rather open roundish-oval head, the 

 branches and branchlets drooping; leaves minute, on the younger branches decus- 

 sately imbricate, deltoid-ovate, bluntish, or on the youngest and most vigorous 

 shoots subulate-lanceolate, acutish; furrow of the oil gland more or less oblong- 

 linear. Fruit (galbulus) globose, glaucous black. 



WEST INDIES, BAHAMAS; JAMAICA IN THE BLUE MOUNTAINS, ANTIGUA. 



Louisiauan area. Southern coast of South Carolina to Florida and throughout the 

 peninsula, along the gulf shore to Mississippi; indigenous in the cedar hammocks of 

 the eastern gulf shore. Frequently cultivated about dwellings and naturalized in 

 lower Louisiana and Mississippi. 



ALABAMA: Coast plain and Littoral belt. Cedar hammocks. Mobile County, 

 Bayou Labatre. 



Distinguished from Jnniperus virginiana by its habit of growth, the character of 

 its leaves, the somewhat longer staminate flowers, and the smaller fruit. 



Type locality : " Hab. in America." 



Economic uses: Important for its wood, which is most highly esteemed for pencil 

 casings. 



Class ANaiOSPERMAE (METASPERMAE), 



Subclass MONOCOTYLEDONES. 



TYPHACEAE. Cat tail Family. 



TYPHA L. Sp. PI. 2 : 971. 1753. 



Twelve species, temperate and tropical regions, 2 North American. Perennial 

 aquatics. 

 Typha latifolia L. Sp. PI. 2:971. 1753. LARGE CAT-TAIL FLAG. 



Gray, Man. ed. 6, 547. Chap. Fl. 443. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2 : 188. Coulter, Contr. 

 Nat. Herb. 2 : 452. 



EUROPE, ASIA, NORTH AFRICA. 



Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Throughout British North America to the Pacific ; 

 from New England to Florida and west to California. 



ALABAMA : Over the State. Shallow ponds and marshes ; abounds in the tidewater 

 region. Flowers in June. 



Type locality: "Hab. in paludibus Europae." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 

 Typha angustifolia L. Sp. PI. 2 : 971. 1753. SMALLER CAT-TAIL. 



Gray, Man. ed. 6, 547. 



EUROPE. 



Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Nova Scotia, Ontario, New England; west to 

 Michigan and Missouri; coast of New York and New Jersey. 



