472 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 



Quercus digitata (Marsh.) Sud worth, Card. & For. 5: 98. 1892. 



SPANISH OAK. RED OAK (in northern Alabama). 



Quercus nigra digitata Marsh. Arb. Am. 121. 1785. 



Q. cuneata Wangenh. N. Am. Holzart. 78, t. 5, f. 14. 1787. 



Q. falcata Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. no. 16, t. 28. 1801. 



Ell. Sk. 2 : 604. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 478. Chap. Fl. 422. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 

 2:417. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 8:147, t. 420. 



Carolinian and Louisianian areas. From the valley of the Brazos, Texas, through 

 the Gulf and Atlantic Southern States west to Tennessee, Arkansas, Missouri, and 

 north to New Jersey. 



ALABAMA : Throughout the State, excepting the highest summits, to the coast. 

 Of largest size in the bench lands of the Tennessee Valley and in rich bottoms. M ost 

 common, but of inferior quality, on the uplands. Mobile County. Flowers March 

 and April; fruit ripe in October. 



Economic uses: Valuable timber tree. The bark used for tanning. 



Type locality : North America. 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Quercus pagodaefolia (Ell.) Ashe, Bot. Gaz. 24 : 375. 1897. SPANISH OAK. 



Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia Ell. Sk. 2 : 605. 1821-24. 



Carolinian and Louisiauiau areas. Georgia to North Carolina, west to Louisiana 

 and Arkansas. 



ALABAMA : Central Prairie region to the Tennessee Valley. Damp alluvial forests. 

 Morgan County, Falkville. Hale County. 



To this species have been somewhat dubiously referred the forms differing more 

 or less in their foliage from the typical Q. digitata of the uplands and confined to the 

 rich damp forests of the valleys. 



Tree of large size, 90 to 100 feet high and from 2 to 3 feet and over in diameter. 



Economic uses: Fine timber tree. 



Type locality : " This tree I first noticed on the banks of the Roanoke in North 

 Carolina, along the road from Petersburg to Raleigh. 1 have since seen it near 

 Granby, S. C." 



Quercus marylandica Muench. Hausv. 5 : 253. 1770. BLACK JACK. 



Quercus nigra Wangenh. N. Am. Holzart. 133. 1781. 



Ell. Sk. 2 : 600. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 478. Chap. Fl. 421. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 

 2 : 417. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 8 : 861, t. 426, 427. 



Alleghenian? to Louisianian area. Long Island, New York; west from northern 

 Ohio to Minnesota, eastern Kansas, Indian Territory ; south from New .Jersey to 

 Florida, through the Gulf States to the Nueces Valley, Texas. 



ALABAMA : Over the State. Mobile County, April ; common. 



Economic uses : For fuel. 



Type locality not ascertained. 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Quercus nigra L. Sp. PL 2 : 995. 1753. WATER OAK. 



Quercus nigra aquatica Lam. Encycl. 1 : 721. 1783. 



Q. aquatica Walt. Fl. Car. 234. 1788. 



Ell. Sk. 2 : 599. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 478. Chap. Fl. 421. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 

 2 : 417. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 8 : 165, t. 428. 



Carolinian and Louisianian areas. From the Colorado Valley, Texas to Florida; 

 north to Delaware, southwestern Tennessee, and southern Missouri. 



ALABAMA: Tennessee Valley to the coast. Low rich woods and sandy pine-barren 

 swamps. Clay County, Talladega Creek, 1,000 feet. Cullman County, 800 feet. 

 Morgan County, Falkville. Madison and .every county south. Flowers March; 

 fruit ripe in October, November. Common. 



Economic uses: Timber tree. A common shade tree. 



Type locality : " Hab. in America septentrionali." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Quercus laurifolia Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. no. 10, 1. 17. 1801. 



LAUREL OAK. WATER OAK. 



Quercus phellos laurifolia Chap. Fl. 420. 1860. 



Ell. Sk. 2:597. Chap. Fl. 420. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 8 : 169, t. 429. 



Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Eastern Gulf States to Florida (Mosquito 

 Inlet). North along the Atlantic coast to the Dismal Swamp in Virginia. 



