474 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 



ULMACEAE. Elm Family. 



ULMUS L. Sp. PL 1 : 225. 1753. ELM. 



Sixteen species, of temperate region of North Hemisphere and in the mountains of 

 the tropics. Deciduous trees. 



Ulmus americana L. Sp. PI. 1 : 226. 1753. WHITE ELM. 



Ell. Sk. 1 : 333. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 462. Chap. Fl. 416. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2 : 

 406. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 7 : 43, t. 311. 



Canadian zone to Louisianian area. Ontario to Saskatchewan, 53 latitude; 

 New England west to Kansas, Nebraska, Dakota, Arkansas, and the headwaters 

 of Missouri River, south through the Ohio Valley and the South Atlantic and Gulf 

 States to Florida, Texas, and Arkansas. 



ALABAMA : All over the State. In rich woods. Nowhere abundant. Tuscaloosa 

 and Cullman counties. Jefferson County, Birmingham. Montgomery and Mobile 

 counties. Flowers in February; fruit ripe in May. 



Economic uses: Timber and ornamental tree. Frequently planted for shade. 



Type locality : " Hab. in Virginia." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Moh'r. 



Ulmus alata Michx. Fl. Am. Bor. 1 : 173. 1803. WAHOO. WINGED ELM. 



Ell. Sk. 1:334. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 462. Chap. Fl. 417. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 

 2 : 406. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 7 : 51, t. 313 



Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Southern Virginia, middle Tennessee, southern 

 Indiana, Missouri, Arkansas, Indian Territory, south and west from North Carolina 

 to Florida, Alabama, and the valley of the Trinity River in Texas. 



ALABAMA: Over the State. Low woods, banks of streams. Lauderdale, Cullman. 

 and Autauga counties. Baldwin County, Stockton. Of largest development in the 

 low forests of the Central prairies. Forty to 60 feet high, 12 to 18 inches in diameter. 



Economic uses: Timber tree. 



Type locality: "Hab. in N irginia et Carolina inferiore." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Ulmus fulva Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 172. 1803. SLIPPERY ELM. RED ELM. 



Ulmus pubescens Walt. Fl. Car. 112. 1788. 



Ell. Sk. 1:333. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 462. Chap. Fl. 416. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 

 2 : 406. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 7 : 53, t. 305. 



Canadian zone to Louisianian area. Quebec, Ontario; New England, west to 

 Minnesota, Nebraska, eastern Kansas, and Missouri; south to western Florida and 

 the Gulf States, to the valley of San Antonio River, Texas. 



ALABAMA: Rich bottoms. Cullman County. Jackson County, Stevenson. Mont- 

 gomery County. Autauga County, banks of Alabama River. Flowers in February ; 

 fruit ripe in April. Not frequent. Not observed south of Montgomery. 



Economic uses : Of little importance for its timber. The bark is the "slippery elm 

 bark," or "Ulmus," of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. 



Type locality: " Hab. in Canada, Vermont, Connecticut, montibus Alleghanis, etc. 

 frigid. America) regionibus." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Ulmus serotina Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 27 : 92. 1899. 



Ulmus racemosa Chap. Fl.ed.2,649. 1887. Same, ed. 3, 440. 1897. 



A stately tree, trunk 30 to 40 feet high, and 2 to 3 feet in diameter. "Leaves oblong- 

 obovate, acuminate, variously oblique at the base, coarsely and doubly crenate-st-rrate, 

 glabrous and lustrous above, puberulous below on the prominent midrib and veins; 

 flowers perfect, autumnal, racemose, long-pedicellate; calyx six-parted, its divisions 

 oblong-obovate, rounded at the apex; ovary sessile, narrowed at the base, hirsute; 

 samaras stipulate, oblong-elliptical, deeply two-parted at the apex, ciliate on the 

 margins; seed obovate, raphe conspicuous." 



Carolinian area. North Carolina, French Broad River (Rugel, 1842). Tennessee, 

 limestone ridges near Nashville (Gattinger). Georgia, near Rome (Boynton')', also 

 planted in the streets (Sargent). 



ALABAMA : Mountain region. Limestone ridges, Madison County. 



There can be no doubt that the large trees with bark-winged branchlets met with 

 in the forests of the Cretaceous plain of the Central Prairie belt when observed in 

 flower and fruit will be found to belong to this late-blooming elm. 



Type locality not specifically given. Specimens cited from points already men- 

 tioned. 



