NETTLE FAMILY. 477 



Economic uses: Here and there cultivated for its strobules used in making yeast 

 and for medicinal purposes. "Humulus," United States Pharmacopoeia. 

 Type locality: "Hab. in Europae sepibus et ad radices montiuin." 

 Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



URTICACEAE. Nettle Family. 

 URTICA L. Sp. PL 2 : 983. 1753. NETTLE. 



From 30 to 40 species, mostly in colder and cooler temperate regions. America 

 about 30 species, North America 10, Eastern States 2, exclusive of naturalized species. 

 Herbs. 



Urtica gracilis Ait. Hort. Kew. 3 : 341. 1789. COMMON AMERICAN NETTLE. 



Urtica procera Willd. Sp. PI. 4 : 353. 1805. 



Ell. Sk. 2:571. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 465. Chap. Fl. 412. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 

 2 : 408. 



Hudsonian zone to Louisianian area. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Ontario, 

 north to Mackenzie River, west to the base of the Rocky Mountains, New England 

 west to Minnesota and Nebraska, south to Florida, Texas, and Arkansas. 



ALA HAM A: Over the State to the coast. Border of swamps, waste places. Mobile 

 County. 



July, August; common. Perennial. 



Type locality : "Native of Hudson's Bay." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 

 Urtica dioica L. Sp. PI. 2 : 984. 1753. LARGE STINGING NETTLE. 



Ell. Sk. 2: 571. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 465. Chap. Fl. 412. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 

 2 : 408. 



Introduced from Europe; naturalized throughout the continent from Canada to 

 Mexico. 



ALABAMA: Over the State. Waste places. Lawrence County, Moulton. Mobile 

 County, ballast ground. July, August ; not frequent. Perennial. 



Type locality : " Hab. in Europae ruderatis." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Urtica urens L. Sp. PL 2 : 984. 1753. SMALLER STINGING NETTLE. 



Ell. Sk. 2 :570. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 465. Chap. Fl. 412. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 

 2:408. 



Adventive from Europe, naturalized from Canada to Mexico. 



ALABAMA : Autauga County, Prattville (E. A. Smith). Mobile County, ballast 

 heaps. July, August; rare. Annual. 



Type locality : " Hab. in Europae cultis." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Urtica chamaedroides Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 1 : 113. 1814. PURPLISH NETTLE. 



Urtica purpurascens Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 5 : 169. 1837. 



Ell. Sk. 2 : 570. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 465. Chap. Fl. 412. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 

 2:408. 



MEXICO. 



Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Kentucky to the Gulf States. 



ALABAMA: Central Pine belt. Tuscaloosa County (E. A. Smith); rare. Annual. 



Type locality: "On the islands of Georgia: St. Simons, &c." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



URTICASTRUM Fabr. Enum. 204. 1759. 

 (LAPORTEA Gaud. Bot. Voy. Freyc. 498. 1826.) 



About 2 species, in tropical Asia, Africa, Australia, Mexico. Temperate North 

 America, 1. 



Urticastrum divaricatum (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2 : 635. 1891. WOOD NETTLE. 



Urtica divaricata and U. canadensis L. Sp. PI. 2 : 985. 1753. 



Laportea canadensis Gaud. Bot. Voy. Freyc. 498. 1826. 



Ell. Sk. 2 i : 573. Gray, Man. ed. 6/465. Chap. Fl. 413. 



Alleghenian and Louisianian areas. New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec, and 

 Ontario to Saskatchewan Valley ; New England throughout the Eastern States to 

 Florida, west to Louisiana. 



