540 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 



RUBUS L.Sp. PI. 1:492. 1753. 1 



About 200 accepted species, mostly shrubs by, of temperate and warmer regions in 

 Northern Hemisphere. Europe, about 56 species. Asia, Mexico. North America, 25. 



Rubus argutus Link, Enum. Hort. Berol 2:60. 1822. 



LEAFY-CLUSTER BLACKHKKKY. 



Rubus frondosus Bigel. Fl. Boat. ed. 2, 199. 1824. 



Rubus nllosus var. frondosus Torr. Fl. N. & Mid. U. S. 1 :487. 1824. 



Rubus suberectus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 :179. 1833. 



Ell. Sk. 2 :567, under If. villosus. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 155, in part. Chap. Fl. ed. 3. 

 Britt. & Br. 111. Kl. 2:202. 



Allegheuiau to Louisianian area. New Brunswick, Lake Superior, throughout 

 New England, south to Florida, west to Kansas, Indian Territory, Arkansas, and 

 Texas. 



ALABAMA: Over the State. Light sandy soil, old fields, borders and openings of 

 woods. Flowers white, latter part of March (Mobile), April; fruit ripe June, 

 shining black, juicy, largely consumed. Abundant everywhere; 6 to 8 feet high. 



Economic uses : The common blackberry ot the market used fresh and for pre- 

 serves and for making cordial and wine. The root is the " blackberry root," 

 "Rubus," United States Pharmacopeia, in part. 



Type locality: "In America septentrionali." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Rubus argutus floridus (Tratt.) Bailey, Ev. Nat. Fruits, 385, /. 91. 



Ritbus floridus Tratt. Ros. Monogr. 3 : 73. 1823. 



Differs from the typical form by the short and large-flowered clusters, the lloral 

 leaves wedge-obovate and rounded at the top. 



Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Range not well known. Western Florida, 

 Mississippi. 



ALABAMA : Metamorphic Hills, Central Pine belt to the Coast plain. Light sandy 

 soil. Lee County, Auburn (F. S. Earle). Mobile and Tuscaloosa counties. Not 

 rare. 



Type locality (Bailey): " Trattinick says that Enslen collected this in North 

 America. 7 ' 



Herb. Geol. Surv. 



Rubus trivialis Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 296. 1803. SOUTHERN DEWBERRY. 



Ell. Sk. 1 : 569. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 156. Chap. Fl. 125. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 

 2 : 104. 



Carolinian and Louisianian areas. West Virginia; all over the South Atlantic 

 and Gulf States, west to Texas, Arkansas, and southern Missouri. 



ALABAMA: Throughout. In light soil, open places, roadsides, old fields. Flowers 

 white, February (15th, Mobile), March; fruit ripe April, black. 



Common low trailing shrub, foliage persistent. 



Economic uses: The root is used indiscriminately with the above in medicine. 

 The large, juicy, palatable fruit is the dewberry of the Alabama market. 



Type locality: " Hab. in Carolina et Pensylvania ubique frequens." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Rubus invisus Bailey, Ev. Nat. Fruits, 374, /. 75, 86. 



Rubus canadensis var. invisus Bailey, Am. Gard. 12 : 83. 1891. 



Leaflets oval to ovate-oblong, large, rather thin, coarsely and simply toothed; 

 peduncles forking into 2 or 3 divisions, pedicels long; flowers large, sepals foliaceous. 



Carolinian area. Maine, New York, west to Kansas and Missouri, south to north 

 Alabama. 



ALABAMA: Mountain region. Dry, rocky banks. Dekalb County, summit of 

 Lookout Mountain near Mentone, 2,000 feet altitude. Apparently scarce. 



Economic uses: This furnishes the Bartel dewberry of cultivation. 



Rubus enslenii Tratt. Ros. Monogr. 3 : 73. 1823. 



Rubus villosus var. humifuiius Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. A. 1 : 455. 184JO. 



Rubus baileuanus Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 185. 1894. 



Britt. & Br. 111. Fl. 2 : 204. Bailey, Ev. Nat. Fruits, 375, /. 87. 



Weak, trailing, the slender stem with few weak priekles; flowers solitary or in 

 twos; fruit small, loose. (Bailey.) 



Carolinian area. Southwestern Michigan, eastern New York. 



ALABAMA: Mountain region. Warrior tableland. Metamorphic Hills. Dekalb 

 County on Lookout Mountain with the last. Lee County, Auburn (F. S. Earle). 

 Not frequent. 



H. Bailey, Sketch of the evolution of our native fruits, pp.274 to 385. 1898. 



