666 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 



SYMPLOCACEAE. Sweetleaf Family. 



SYMPLOCOS L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1 : 747. 1763. 



About 175 species, subtropical and tropical regions, eastern Asia, and Soutli Amer- 

 ica to Brazil. North America, 1. 



Symplocos tinctoria (L.) L'Her. Trans. Linn. Soc. 1 : 176. 1791. 



HORSE SUGAR. SWKKTM.AF. 



Hopea tinctoria L. Mant. 1 : 105. 1767. 



Ell. Sk. 2 : 173. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 335. Chap. Fl. 272. Gray, Syn. Fl. X. A. 2, pt. 1 : 

 70. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 6 : 15, t. 256. 



Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Delaware to Tennessee, North Carolina (3,000 

 feet altitude), Georgia, Florida, west to Louisiana. 



ALABAMA: Tennessee Valley to the Coast plain. Low woods, swainpy banks of 

 streams. Morgan County, Falkville. Cullman, Monroe, Baldwin, Mid Mobile coun- 

 ties. Flowers yellow, fragrant; March, April. Frnitripo in August and September; 

 yellowish brown. A shrub, or frequently a small tree 15 to 20 feet high ; leaves par- 

 tially persistent, of sweet taste, much relished by horses and cattle. The fragrant 

 flowers are visited by hosts of hymenopterous insects. 



Economic uses : The leaves are used for dyeing. 



Type locality : " Hah. in Carolina." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



OLEACEAE. Olive Family. 



FRAXINUS L. Sp. PL 2 : 1057. 1753. 



About 40 species, trees, north temperate zone, Europe, Asia. North America, 12. 

 Fraxinus americana L. Sp. PL 2 : 1057. 1753. WHITK ASH. 



Fraxinus alba Marsh. Arb. 51 1785. 



F. acnminata Lam. Eucycl. 2 : 542. 1786. 



Ell. Sk. 2 : 672. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 335. Chap. Fl. 369. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 

 1 : 74. Sargent, Silv. N. A. 6 : 43, t. 268. 



Allegheniau, Carolinian, and Louisianian areas. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, 

 Quebec, Ontario; New England, west to northern Minnesota, Nebraska, and 

 Arkansas; southern Ohio Valley to the Gulf, and from Florida to Louisiana. 



ALABAMA: Over the State. Ricli woodlands, above overflow. At greatest per- 

 fection in the Tennessee Valley and about the upper waters of the Tomhigbee and 

 Alabama rivers ; frequent. 



As has been observed in many localities in the Gulf States, the fruit of the south- 

 ern tree is more slender and of smaller size than northward, in barren localities 

 passing freely into the following form. 



Economic uses: Important timber tree. The inner bark is used in domestic 

 medicine. 



Type locality: "Hab. in Carolina, Virginia." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. 



Fraxinus americana curtissii (Vasey) Sndworth, Nomenc. Arb. Fl. U. S. 327. 1S97. 



SMALL-FKUITKD WUITK ASH. 



Fraxinus albicans Buckley, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862 : 4. 1862. In part. 



F. curtissii Vasey, Rep. Com. Agr. 1875 : 168. 1876. 



F. americana var. microcarpa Gray, Syn. PL N. A. 2, pt. 1 : 75. 1878. 



Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Tennessee. 



ALABAMA: Tennessee Valley. Prairie region. Morgan County, Cedar Plains. 

 Madison County, near Huntsville, rocky foothills with red cedar. Eufaula (Curtis*). 



As observed in northern Alabama a tree below medium si/e, differing strikingly 

 in aspect from the typical form; the bark dark and very rough, the low spreading 

 branches drooping. Fruit about half the size of that of the type, often abortive. 



Type locality : " Eufala, Ala." Curtis*. 



Herb. Mohr. 



Fraxinus biltmoreana Beadle, Bot.Gaz. 25:358. 1898. BILTMORE ASH. 



Younger shoots pubescent. Leaves 8 to 12 inches long, leaflets 7 to 9, ovate to 

 oblong-ovate, acuminate, sometimes falcately rounded and inequilateral at the base, 

 entire or obscurely denticulate, pubescent especially alo.ig the veins; petioles 

 finely pubescent; samaras in open, nearly glabrous panicles, from l^to 2 inches long, 

 i inch wide, the wing from 2 to 3 times the length of the elliptical, umnargined, 

 many-nerved body. 



