692 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 



A. Smith). Clarke County, Suggsville (Dr. Denny). Mobile County, a slender depau- 

 perated form. Flowers white ; March, April. Infrequent. Several stems, more or 

 less decumbent from the tuberously thickened root. Perennial. 



Type locality: "In Floridis prope Aspalaga (Rugel !)." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



ONOSMODIUM Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 132. 1803. 



Six species, temperate North America, Mexico. United States and British North 

 America, 5. 



Onosmodium carolinianum (Lam.) A. DC. Prodr. 10 : 70. 1846. 



CAROLINA FALSE GROMWELL. 



Lithospermum carolinianum Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1 : 367. 1791. 



Gray, Man. ed. 6, 366. Chap. Fl. 331. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 1 : 206. Coulter, 

 Contr. Nat. Herb. 2 : 288. 



Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Ontario, western New York, and western Penn- 

 sylvania to Missouri, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Colorado; Ohio Valley to Missouri 

 and Arkansas ; and from New Jersey to Florida and Texas. 



ALABAMA: Throughout the State. Grassy open places, open woods and copses, in 

 light soil. Lauderdale, Cullman, Clarke, Washington, and Mobile counties. Flowers 

 yellowish white; May, June. Fruit ripe July. Common. Most frequent in the Coast 

 Pine belt. Perennial. 



Type locality : "E Carolinia. D. Fraser.' 

 Herb. Geol. Surv. 



Herb. Mohr. 



Onosmodium virginianum (L.) A. DC. Prodr. 10 : 70. 1846. 



VIRGINIA FALSE GROMWELL. 



Lithospermum virginianum L. Sp. PI. 1 : 132. 1753. 



Onosmodium hispidum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 133. 1803. 



Ell. Sk. 1 : 226. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 366. Chap. Fl. 331. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 

 1:206. 



Carolinian and Louisianian areas. New England and New Jersey, west to Ohio, 

 Missouri, and Arkansas, south to the Gulf States from Florida to Louisiana. 



ALABAMA : Central Pine belt to Coast plain. Grassy banks, open copses, light soil. 

 Tuscaloosa County (E. A. Smith). Autauga, Clarke, and Mobile counties. Flowers 

 dingy white ; May. Not infrequent. Perennial. 



Type locality: "Hab. in Virginia." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



VERBENACEAE. Vervain Family. 



VERBENA L. Sp. PI. 1 : 18. 1753. VERVAIN. 



About 80 species, extratropical and tropical zones of both hemispheres, chiefly 

 South and Southwestern America. Europe, 1; North America, 16. 



Verbena officinalis L. Sp. PI. 1 : 20. 1753. COMMON VERVAIN. 



Verbena spuria L. Sp. PI. 1 : 20. 1753. 



Ell. Sk. 2 : 97. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 401. Chap. Fl. 307. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 1 : 

 335. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2 : 327. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1 : 608. 



EUROPE. Cosmopolitan in warmer temperate regions. 



Naturalized from New Jersey to Florida, west to Texas, Arizona, and southern 

 California. 



ALABAMA: Throughout the State, waysides, borders of fields. Most frequent in 

 the Tennessee Valley and in the Coast plain. Mobile County, on the coast; a com- 

 mon wayside weed. Flowers lilac; July to October. Annual. 



Type locality: "Hab. in Europae mediterranean ruderatis." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Verbena xutha Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1834. 

 Verbena lucaeana Walp. Rep. 4 : 23. 1844-1848. 

 Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 1 : 335. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2 : 327. 



MEXICO. 



Louisianiau area. Louisiana and Texas to southern California. 



ALABAMA: Littoral region. Baldwin County, Navy Cove, waste places. Most 

 probably adventive from the southwest. Flowers purple, August. Local and rare. 

 A coarse weed, 2 to 3 feet high. Perennial. 



Type locality not ascertained. 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



