VERVAIN FAMILY. 693 



Verbena urticaefolia L. Sp. PI. 1 : 20. 1753. WHITE VERVAIN. 



Ell. Sk. 2 : 98. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 402. Chap. Fl. 307. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 

 1 : 335. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2 : 327. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 493. 



WEST INDIES, MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA. 



Alleglienian, Carolinian, and Louisianian areas. Quebec, Ontario; New England 

 west to Nebraska, south to the Gulf from Florida to Texas. 



ALABAMA: Over the State. Damp low thickets, borders of fields and woods. 

 Flowers white or blue ; July to October. Common everywhere. A coarse weed, 2 to 

 3 feet high. Perennial. A form with blue flowers and the leaves rougher with the 

 above in the Coast plain. 



Type locality: "Hab. in Virginiae, Canadae aridis." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Verbena Carolina L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 1 : 29. 1762. CAROLINA VERVAIN. 



Verbena caroliniana Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 14. 1803. 



Phryma carolinensis Walt. Fl. Car. 166. 1788. 



Ell. Sk. 2 : 99. Chap. Fl. 307. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 1 : 336. 



MEXICO, GUATEMALA. 



Louisianian area. North Carolina to Florida, west to Louisiana. 



ALABAMA : Central Pine belt to Lower Pine region. Dry sandy soil. Open copses 

 and open pine woods. Bibb, Autauga, Montgomery, Clarke, Washington, Escambia, 

 Mobile, and Baldwin counties. Flowers pink; June, July. Common. Perennial. 

 One to H feet high. Most frequent in the dry pine barrens of the Coast Pine belt. 



Type locality : " Hab. in America septentrionali." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Verbena aiigustifolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 14. 1803. NARROW-LEAF VERVAIN. 



Gray, Man. ed. 6, 402. Chap. Fl. 307. Gray, Syn. Fl.N. A. 2, pt. 1:336. 



Alleghenian and Carolinian areas. Ontario; New England, west to Minnesota; 

 southern Ohio Valley, Missouri, Arkansas, and Tennessee. 



ALABAMA : Tennessee Valley to Central Prairie region. Exposed places, borders 

 of fields, pastures. Jackson County. Stevenson, 600 feet. Madison and Marshall 

 counties. Morgan County, Decatur. Montgomery County. Flowers blue; May to 

 July. Frequent. Most frequent in the stiff calcareous clay soil all over the Ten- 

 nessee Valley. Perennial. 



Type locality: "Hab. in Tennassee et in comitatu Carlisle, Pennsylvaniae." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Verbena hastata L. Sp. PI. 1 : 20. 1753. BLUE VERVAIN. 



Verbena paniculata Lam. Encycl. 8 : 548. 1808. 



Ell. Sk. 1 : 97. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 402. Chap. Fl. 307. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 

 1 : 336. 



Alleghenian and Carolinian areas. Nova Scotia and Quebec to Manitoba; New 

 England west to Minnesota, Missouri, Arkansas, New Mexico, California, and south 

 through the Ohio Valley to Tennessee, South Carolina, and Georgia. 



ALABAMA: Tennessee Valley. Jackson County, Stevenson (E. A. Smith). Scarce. 

 Perennial. 



Type locality : " Hab. in Canadae humidis." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. 



Verbena bracteosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 13. 1803. 



Verbena canescens Chap. Fl. 307. 1860. Not H. B. K. 



Gray, Man. ed. 6, 402. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 1 : 336. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 

 2:327. 



Alleghenian to Louisianian area. Saskatchewan, British Columbia; Minnesota, 

 Michigan, the Ohio Valley, Missouri, Arkansas, southern Tennessee, and from 

 Florida to Texas. 



ALABAMA: Tennessee Valley. Lawrence County, Moulton. Tuscaloosa, Mont- 

 gomery, and Mobile counties. Open sandy places, pastures, roadsides. Always 

 near dwellings. Flowers purplish ; July to September. Not frequent. Annual or 

 perennial. 



Type locality : " Hab. in regione Illinoensi et in urbe Nash-ville." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. 



Verbena canadensis (L.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5 :276. 1894. 



AUBLET'S VERBENA. 



Buchnera canadensis L. Mant. 1 : 88. 1767. 



Verbena aubletia Jacq. Hort. Vindeb. 2 : 82, 1. 176. 1772. 



Ell. Sk. 2 : 96. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 402. Chap. Fl. 307. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 1 : 337. 

 Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2 : 328. 



