714 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 



fruit ripe August to October, size of a cherry, carmine-red, shining. Perennial, 

 shrubby at the base, densely branched, forming bushes 2 to 3 feet high, attractive 

 when in full bloom or loaded with fruit. The most frequent and persistent of our 

 ballast plants. Perennial. 



Type locality : " Ex agro Bonariense. * * * Commers. herb.' ; 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Solanum carolinense L. Sp. PI. 1 : 187. 1753. HORSE NETTLE. 



Ell. Sk. 1 : 282. Gray, Man. ed. 6, 374. Chap. Fl. 349. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt 

 1 : 230. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2 : 298. 



Carolinian and Louisianian areas. Southern Connecticut and New York west to 

 Missouri and Arkansas, south to Florida and Texas. 



ALABAMA : Over the State. In high sandy open ground, fields, pastures, roadsides. 

 Corolla white or pearl blvie; June to October. Fruit ripens August to October; 

 orange. In all sections equally abundant. A most pernicious weed in garden and 

 field. Perennial. 



Type locality : " Hab. in Carolina." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Icon. 3 : 22, t. 243. 1794. SILVER-LEAF NIGHTSHADE. 



Gray, Man. ed. 6, 374. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 1 : 230. Coulter, Contr. Nat. 

 Herb. 2 : 298. Wats. Bot. Calif. 1 : 539. 



CHILE, MEXICO. 



Carolinian, Louisianian, and Sonoran areas. Texas, Kansas, and California. 



ALABAMA: Ad ventive from the Southwest. Waste places Mobile County, road- 

 sides, ballast grounds. Flowers pale blue; June. Rare. One to l feet high. 

 Perennial. 



Type locality : " Hab. in America calidiore." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Solanum torvum Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 47. 1788. 



Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 441. 



WEST INDIES, MEXICO TO BRAZIL, ECUADOR, EAST INDIES. 



ALABAMA : Adventive with ballast. Mobile County. Flowers pale blue or pur- 

 plish; August, September. Fruit ripe in October; berries black. Three to 4 feet 

 high. 



This coarse shrubby plant rarely survives the winter. It propagates from the 

 perfectly mature seed almost one year after another. 



Type locality : " India occideutalis." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



CAPSICUM L. Sp. PI. 1 : 270. 1753. CAYENNE PEPPER. 



Thirty species, tropical America. 

 Capsicum baccatum L. Mant. 1 : 47. 1767. BIRD PEPPER. CHILI. 



Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 1 : 231. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 2 : 299. Wats. Bot. 

 Calif. 1 : 340. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 436. 



Introduced from SOUTH AMERICA and naturalized in all TROPICAL COUNTRIES. 



Lower Sonoran and Louisianian areas. Escaped from cultivation and partially 

 naturalized from California to Florida. 



ALABAMA : Waste places about dwellings. Mobile County, Dauphin Island, where 

 it is frequent, of spontaneous growth. June, 1893. Shrubby. 



Economic uses: The highly pungent berries are used as a condiment the chili of 

 the Mexicans. They furnish Cayenne pepper, the Capsicum of the U. S. Pharma- 

 copoeia. 



Type locality : " Hab. in Indiis." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



DATURA L. Sp. PL 1 : 179. 1753. THORN APPLE. 



Fifteen species, warmer regions, Northern Hemisphere. 

 Datura tatula L. Sp. PL ed. 2, 1 : 256. 1762. PURPLE THORN APPLE. 



Ell. Sk. 1:277. Gray, Man, ed. 6, 377. Chap. Fl. 352. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 2, pt. 1 : 

 240. Wats. Bot. Cali 1 : 544. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 434. 



SOUTH AMERICA. 



Carolinian and Lonisianian areas. Naturalized from Ontario and New York, west 

 to Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas, south to Florida and Louisiana. Perhaps indig- 

 enous on the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts. 



