818 PLANT LIFE OF ALABAMA. 



EUROPE. 



Canadian zone to Carolinian area. Newfoundland to Saskatchewan, and to North- 

 ern and Middle States. 



ALABAMA : Adventive from Europe on ballast heaps. Mobile County, August, 1893. 

 Observed through several seasons; not spreading. 



Type locality : "Hab. in Enropae cultis agris." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Carduus lanceolatus L. Sp. PL 2 : 821. 1753. COMMON THISTLE. 



Cirsium lanceolatiim Scop. Fl. Cam. ed. 2, 2 : 130. 1772. 

 CnicitH lanceolatus Willd. Prodr. Fl. Ber. 259. 1787. 



EUKOPE. 



Naturalized throughout Canada to Vancouver Island, and in the Eastern United 

 States. 



ALABAMA: Diffused through the State. Waste places, roadsides. Clay County, 

 near Ironatoo. Mobile County, near the shipping. July; rare. 



Type locality : "Hab. in Europae cultis ruderatis." 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



Carduus pyciiocephalus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 2 : 1151. 1763. 



EUROPE. 



On ballast, Caraden, N. J. (Martindale). 



ALABAMA: Mobile County. Adventive on ballast. Three to 4 feet high: flowers 

 pale red. Perennial. Observed 1889. 



Type locality: "Hab. in Europa australi.'' 



Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



ONOPORDON L. Sp. PL 2 : 827. 1753. COTTON THISTLE. 



About 12 species, natives of the Old World. 

 Onopordon acanthium L. Sp. PL 2 : 827. 1753. 



Carolinian area. Adventive in southern New England, other Atlantic States, and 

 the Ohio Valley. 



ALABAMA: Fugitive on ballast. Mobile County, August, 1887. Perennial. 

 Type locality : " Hab. in Europae ruderatis, cultis." 

 Herb. Geol Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



MARIANA Hill, Veg. Syst. 4 : 19. 1762. MILK THISTLE. 



(SiLYBUM Gaert. Fruct. 2 : 378, 1. 162. 1791.) 

 One species. Mediterranean region. 

 Mariana mariana (L.) Hill, Hort. Kew. 61. 1768. 



Carduus marianvs L. Sp. PL 2 : 823. 1753. 



Silybnm marianum Gaert. Fruct. 2 : 378, 1. 162. 1791. MILK THISTLE. 



Gray, Syn. FL N. A. 1, pt. 2 : 405. Wats. Dot. Calif. 1 : 421. 



MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE. 



Adventive in California. 



ALABAMA: Fugitive on ballast. Mobile Countv. Flowers mirple; May. Three 

 to 4 feet high. Annual. 



Type locality : " Hab. in Angliae, Galliae, Italiae ageribus ruderatis." 

 Herb. Geol. Surv. Herb. Mohr. 



CNICUS L. Sp. PL 2 : 826. 1753. 



One species, Mediterranean countries. 



Cnicus benedictus L. Sp. PL 2 : 826. 1753. BLESSED THISTLE. 



Centaurea benedicta L. Sp. PL ed. 2, 2 : 1296. 1763. 

 Gray, Man. ed. 6, 297. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. A. 1, pt. 2 : 406. Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 



SOUTHERN EUROPE. 



Carolinian area. Naturali/.ed in southern Atlantic seaports, in the interior of 

 Texas, and in California. 



