PlNACEAE. 47 



4. Green. T. canadensis. 



Whitish on the young growth. T. canadensis albo-spica. 



PSEUDOTSUGA. Douglas Fir. 



Percurrent evergreen, often of very large size, with rather 

 soft often reddish ductless wood with transversely clustered 

 resin passages ; moderate fluted glabrate twigs ; small homo- 

 geneous pith ; 5-ranked round slightly raised leaf-scars with a 

 single bundle-trace ; no stipule-scars ; ovoid scaly dry buds ; flat 

 linear entire leaves, white-lined beneath ; monoecious catkin-like 

 or cone-like naked flowers ; and moderate-sized spreading cones 

 with persistent thin scales, each covering 2 winged seeds. 

 Cones with long-protruding bract-points. P. mucronata. 



ABIES. Fir. 



Percurrent spire-like evergreen trees with flaking bark in 

 age, sometimes resinous-blistered; pale soft ductless wood ex- 

 ceptionally w r ith a few resin passages ; slender terete twigs, small 

 pale homogeneous pith ; elliptical unraised leaf-scars with a 

 single bundle-trace ; no stipule-scars ; ovoid scaly resinous buds 

 largely clustered near the end ; small alternate oblong mostly 

 blunt or notched flat entire leaves white and stomatiferous be- 

 neath, with 2 resin-passages; monoecious catkin-like or cone-like 

 naked flowers ; and erect cones with 2 winged seeds under each 

 of the deciduous scales. 



1. Leaves flat or grooved, green above, whitened beneath. 2. 

 Leaves blue or glaucous, often 4-sided. 6. 



2. Leaves mostly blunt or notched. 3. 



Leaves typically pointed : twigs pubescent. A. Veitchii. 



3. Cones green or purple. 4. 

 Cones orange-brown. 5. 



4. Cones 10 cm. : bracts shorter than scales. A. balsamea. 

 Cones nearly 15 cm. long: bracts longer than scales. A. Picea. 



5. Bracts longer than scales. A. Nordmanniana. 

 Bracts shorter than scales. A. cilicica. 



6. Bracts longer than scales, recurved. A. nobilis. 

 Bracts shorter than scales. A. concolor. 



