12 TREES, 



13. Leaves sessile., 4-ranked ; fruit a cone, Sequoia. 

 Leaves elongated, short-stalked : fruit fleshy, Torreya. 



14. Leaf-scars not at all raised : buds resinous. Abies. 

 Leaf-scars slightly raised : buds not resinous, Pseudotsuga. 



15. Stipule-scars encircling the twig. Magnolia. 

 Stipule-scars not encircling the twig. 16. 



16. Leaves glaucous beneath, Persea. 

 Leaves not glaucous. 17. 



17. Leaves with nectar-glands beneath. Primus. 

 Leaves without nectar-glands, usually pungent. Ilex. 



Leaves opposite. 



18. Leaves spreading (juvenile forms). 19. 

 Leaves closely appressed. 20. 



19. Leaves very stiff : fruit a cone. Sequoia. 

 Leaves stiff : fruit berry-like. Juniperus. 

 Leaves flexible. Chamaecyparis or Thuja ("Retinispora"). 



2?. Internodes not flattened : leaves alike. 21. 



Tnternodes flattened : leaves on the side flat, those 

 on the edges deeply V-grooved. 23. 



21. Foliage-sprays not fan-like : fruit fleshy. Juniperus. 

 Foliage-sprays fan-like : fruit a cone. 22. 



22. Seeds 2-3 under each cone-scale. Chamaecyparis. 

 Seeds numerous under each scale. Cupressus. 



23. Internodes distinctly longer than broad. Libocedrus. 

 Internodes about as long as broad. 24. 



24. Foliage-sprays slightly fan-shaped : internodes 



narrow (1-1.5 mm.). Chamaecyparis. 



Foliage-sprays distinctly fan-like. 25. 



25. Internodes moderate (2-4 mm.) : seeds 2. Thuja. 

 Internodes broad (4-8 mm.) : seeds numerous. Thujopsis. 



26. Armed with at least some spines or prickles. 27. 

 Unarmed. 39. 



Deciduous Trees Armed. 



27. Leaves alternate, never 4-ranked. 28. 

 Leaves opposite. 38. 



