RHAMNACEAE. 129 



KOELREUTERTA. Varnish Tree. 

 Deciduous trees with pale wood with small ducts, larger 

 and more crowded in spring, and fine closely but unequally 

 spaced medullary rays ; moderate rounded twigs ; roundish con- 

 tinuous rather large pith ; alternate raised or moderate shield- 

 or crescent-shaped leaf-scars with 3 sometimes compound bun- 

 dle-traces ; no stipule-scars ; sessile broadly ovoid buds with 

 about 2 exposed pointed scales; odd-pinnate large leaves with 

 coarsely toothed leaflets ; small yellow perfect polypetalous flow- 

 ers in large panicles ; and bladder-like few-seeded fruits. 

 Leaflets often lobed as well as toothed. K. paniculata. 



SAPINDUS. Soapberry. 



Usually trees, evergreen or deciduous, with scaly brown 

 bark ; yellowish ring-porous w'ood with wavy tangential woo'd- 

 parenchyma pattern and very fine medullary rays ; rather slen- 

 der somewhat angled twigs ; continuous roundish pith ; alter- 

 nate somewhat raised shield-shaped leaf-scars with 3 groups of 

 aggregated bundle-traces ; no stipule-scars ; abruptly pinnate 

 leaves, with oblique 1 falcate entire firm veiny leaflets ; super- 

 posed scaly round buds ; inconspicuous polygamous polypetalous 

 flowers in terminal clusters; and round finally black berries 

 with hard seeds. 

 Leaflets acuminate : petals ovate. S. Drummondii. 



Family RHAMNACEAE. Buckthorn Family. 

 A rather small family, yielding the drug cascara sagrada ; 

 the fruit of one Zizyphus is supposed to be the intoxicating 

 lotus of the ancients : some species are used in shrubbery masses. 



BERCHEMIA. Supple-jack. 



Deciduous twiners with tender terete stems with round ho- 

 mogeneous pith ; brownish wood with rather small diffused 

 ducts and fine medullary rays ; alternate small raised elliptical 

 or crescent-shaped leaf-scars with I elliptical bundle-trace ; ap- 

 pressed ovoid-conical buds with about 2 exposed scales ; nearly 

 entire rather ovate moderate leaves ; small more or less polyga- 



