VlTACEAE. 131 



3. Leaves glabrous, small (50 mm.), 4-ranked. R. Frangula. 



Leaves puberulent beneath, longer, 5-ranked.. R. caroliniana. 



PALIURUS. Jerusalem Thorn. 



Deciduous shrubs or small trees with hard brownish wood; 

 very slender zig-zag terete twigs; small roundish pith; alternate 

 2-ranked half-round somewhat raised minute leaf-scars with 3 

 usually confluent bundle-traces ; small stipules some of them 

 transformed into spines, one of each pair often straight and 

 the other curved ; small sessile ovoid buds with about 3 ex- 

 posed scales; small elliptical nearly entire petioled leaves; small 

 yellowish perfect polypetalous flowers in small axillary clus- 

 ters; and rather large indehiscent hat-shaped dry winged fruit. 

 Leaves 3-nerved, serrulate or oblique. P. Spina-Christi. 



ZIZYPHUS. Jujube. 



Deciduous (or in warm countries evergreen) shrubs or 

 small trees with firm pale wood with minute diffused ducts 

 and very fine and close medullary rays ; rather slender terete 

 twigs ; more or less angular continuous pith ; alternate small 

 crescent-shaped somewhat raised leaf-scars with 3 bundle- 

 traces ; rounded buds with several exposed scales ; small rounded 

 stipule-scars or unequal stipular spines : small axillary often 

 clustered perfect polypetalous flowers ; and rather small drupe- 

 like fruits. 



Leaves glabrous : fruit nearly sessile. Z. sativa. 



Leaves woolly beneath: fruit stalked. Z. Jujuba. 



Family VlTACEAE. Vine Family. 



A rather small family of tendril-climbers, celebrated as the 

 source of wine and furnishing the market with grapes, raisins 

 and dried currants : the woodbines or creepers include some of 

 the best close-clinging climbers. 



AMPELOPSIS. 



Deciduous close-barked shrubs climbing by coiling tendrils 

 or in some species nearly or quite without tendrils and bush- 

 like, with sympodial branches with pale sub-continuous rounded 



