172 



CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 



gential pattern, and rather fine medullary rays; stout terete twigs 

 often with large lenticels ; large continuous rounded pith ; opposite 

 rather large somewhat crescent-shaped leaf-scars with 3-5 bundle- 

 traces ; no stipule-scars ; ovoid often superposed or collaterally 

 multiplied buds with several pairs of scales ; pinnate leaves with 

 toothed or sometimes incised leaflets ; small perfect gamopetalous 

 wheel-shaped white flowers in large showy clusters ; and small 

 normally black or red inferior 3-seeded berries. 



1. Pith brown : fruit red. 2. 



Pith white : fruit typically black. 6. 



2. Petioles downy. (American red-berried elder). S. pubens. 

 Petioles glabrous. (European red-berried elder). 3. 



3. Leaves green. 4. 

 Leaves yellow. 5. 



4. Leaves not laciniate. S. racemosa. 

 Leaves laciniate. S. racemosa plumosa. 



5. Leaves not* laciniate. S. racemosa aurea. 

 Leaves laciniate. S. racemosa plumosa aurea. 



6. Leaves rather firm: fruit small (3 mm.) European. 7. 

 Leaves rather thin: fruit larger (4-5 mm.). American. 10. 



7. Leaves green. 8. 



Leaves partly or wholly yellow or white. 



8. Leaves not laciniate. 

 Leaves laciniate. 



9. Leaves whitish. 

 Leaves entirely yellow. 

 Leaves variegated with yellow. 



10. Leaves green, n. 



Leaves yellow or variegated. 14. 



11. Leaves not laciniate. 12. 

 Leaves laciniate. 



12. Leaves glabrescent. 13. 



Leaves soft-pubescent. S. canadensis submollis. 



13. Fruit nearly black. S. canadensis,. 

 Fruit greenish. S. canadensis chlorocarpa. 



14. Leaves solidly yellow. S. canadensis aurea. 

 Leaves with yellowish variegation. S. canadensis variegata. 



9- 



S. nigra. 



S. nigra laciniata. 



S. nigra argentea. 



S. nigra aiirea. 



S. nigra variegata. 



S. canadensis laciniata. 



