184 GLOSSARY. 



Epigynous. With calyx, corolla and stamens apparently origi- 

 nating from the upper part of the ovary, as in the apple. 



Evanescent. Quickly disappearing. 



Evergreen. Holding green foliage through the winter. 



Excavated. Hollowed between nodes, as applied to pith. 



Exfoliating. Peeling away (papery bark of canoe birch). 



Falcate. Sickle-shaped, curved to one side. 



Family. A natural group of plants comprising one or more 

 genera. Family names are usually derived from the name 

 of one of their genera, and then end in aceae. 



Fastigiate. With upright branches (Lombardy poplar). 



Filiform. Long and slender or thread-like, as applied to twigs, 

 petioles or flower-stalks. 



Fissured. Torn lengthwise, as applied to bark or pith. 



Flaking. The same as shredding, with shorter fragments. 



Flame-shaped. Wavily branching from the pith toward the 

 bark, as applied to duct-pattern of such woods as chestnut 

 and oak, seen in cross-section. 



Fleshy or succulent. Employed in contrast with membrana- 

 ceous, leathery, etc., for leaves : in contrast with hard, for 

 stems in some cases ; and in contrast with dry when ripe, 

 for fruits. 



Flower-scar. The scar from which a flower has fallen. 



Fluted. Ridged lengthwise (sycamore bud, young oak twig). 



Foliage sprays. Twigs which finally fall away carrying the 

 small leaves- with them; sometimes at end of the first 

 season (bald cypress, tamarisk), sometimes after several 

 years (arbor vitae). 



Foliar shoots. The same as foliage sprays. 



Follicle. A small dry fruit opening down one edge. 



Fusiform. Spindle-shaped : rounded in cross-section and tapered 

 to base and apex. 



Gamopetalous. With the petals grown together, as in a mor- 

 ning glory, or at least at the base. 



Genus. A natural group of plants comprising one or more 

 species. Generic names of trees ending in us are feminine-, 



Glabrate. Nearly glabrous. 



