GLOSSARY. 193 



Spine. A pungent specialized form of the leaf (barberry) or 



its stipules (locust) or tip (pea tree), or of a twig (haw- 

 thorn, wild crab). 



Spinescent. Turning into spines, like the stipules of locust. 

 Sporangium. A spore-case. 

 Spores. As here used, the dust-like bodies by which flowerless 



plants or cryptogams are multiplied. 

 Spreading. Used in contrast with appressed or closely applied 



to the stem, for some leaves and buds ; or to closely applied 



to the leaf or twig etc., for some hairs. 

 Spring wood. That formed at the beginning of each year's 



layer : often marked by the crowding or large size of its 



ducts, when the wood is spoken of as ring-porous. 

 Spur. A short- or dwarf-branch of the stem: also applied to a 



spur-like outgrowth of the flower, the angle of a wistaria 



leaf-scar, etc. 

 Spur-scar. The scar from which a dwarf-shoot has fallen 



(pine). 

 Stalked. As applied to buds, indicates that the scales are 



clustered at an observable distance from the point where 



the bud originates on the stem (alder). 

 Staminate. Flowers that have stamens but no pistil : male 



flowers. 

 Standard. In horticulture, a small tree produced by grafting a 



low-growing form on a trunk of the desired height. 

 Star-shaped. With several points rather symmetrically oriented 



about a common center, as in a sweet-gum leaf and the 



scales on the leaves of deutzia. 



Stellate. The same as star-shaped, when applied to hairs. 

 Sterigmata. The raised bases from which some small evergreen 



leaves finally fall (spruce). 

 Sterile. Not producing fruity neutral or staminate, as applied 



to flowers. 



Stipellate. With stipule-like bodies at base of a leaflet. 

 Stipular. Pertaining to or derived from stipules. 



