2 Elementary Plant Physiology. 



MATERIAL AND APPARATUS. 



If a greenhouse containing a commercial, or exhibition col- 

 lection of living plants is accessible, the student will have no 

 difficulty in obtaining material to carry out all the demon- 

 strations. In this instance it would add much to the efficiency 

 of the work if a definite space on the benches could be secured 

 for the experiments. A greenhouse in connection with the 

 laboratory, in which a space of at least two square meters may 

 be set aside for the use of the individual student, is, of course, 

 the most suitable arrangement. 



If the facilities of a greenhouse are not available, recourse 

 must be had to plants grown from seeds obtained from florists 

 or dealers. In schools in the lower latitudes, much of the work 

 may be performed in the open air, in small special gardens. 



The apparatus necessary is of the simplest form, and the 

 material used in its construction may be found in the natural 

 science laboratories of any school. A compound microscope, 

 a balance, thermometers ; tubing of rubber, lead, and glass ; cork 

 in stoppers and in sheets ; wire of various sizes ; wide-mouthed 

 bottles of assorted sizes ; a few bell jars, glass funnels, graduates, 

 test tubes ; a set of cork-borers or cylindrical files ; sealing wax, 

 a dozen fruit jars, burettes, thistle tubes, germinators, and a 

 few pieces of common glassware, together with a supply of 

 chemicals, to be obtained from any druggist, will be found 

 sufficient to make all the demonstrations described, and much 

 less will suffice for some of the shorter courses outlined. The 

 exact amount and kind of apparatus will depend upon the 

 manner of performance of the experiments and the number 

 of students participating, and may be seen by consultation of 

 the text. 



MEASUREMENTS. 



All measurements are given in the metric system. It is to 

 be noted that the centigrade scale is not identical with that of 



