Reproduction and Germination. 43 



bracts, but each succeeding leaf is larger and more complex 

 than the one below, until the sixth or eighth is reached, and 

 then the adult and mature form is exhibited. Make drawings 

 of the series. 



Profitable studies of the rudimentary and juvenile forms of 

 leaves exhibited by seedlings may be made of Adlumia cirrhosa, 

 Sisymbrium, radish (Raphanus), or clover (Trifolium). 



37. Germination and propagation of the tomato. 

 Secure a number of seeds of tomato, and also a large plant at 

 least three months old. Set a shallow box filled with moist earth 

 near the plant, and trail a branch out over it, fastening it firmly 

 down on the soil with small hooked stakes. It will have sent 

 out adventitious roots from several points within a week or two. 

 Now cut the branch into sections a few centimeters in length, 

 and press each one separately down in the soil in a pot. New 

 plants will arise from these cuttings. 



Soak and germinate a number of seeds, and follow the germi- 

 nation of the seedlings as in the previous experiments. When 

 the seedlings, and the young plants from the cuttings, are a few 

 centimeters in height, compare their general appearance as to 

 the size and form of the stem and leaves, and the rate of 

 growth as ascertained by measurements. Are the earlier leaves 

 formed by the cuttings and the seedlings similar, and are juve- 

 nile forms exhibited ? Follow the development of both series 

 of plants, and, if possible, determine which one is capable of 

 forming flowers and fruit earlier. 



38. Germination of the seeds of the squash. Soak 

 a number of seeds of the squash in water for a day, then place 

 in various positions in moist soil or sawdust. Note the manner 

 in which the seedcoats are ruptured, and the extrusion of the 

 main root. Near the place of origin of the main root may be 

 seen a " peg " or " heel " which engages the lower half of the 

 testa of seeds placed in a horizontal position, and aids in split- 

 ting the halves apart to free the cotyledons. Observe behavior 



