No. 4.] CLEAN I\1ILK PRODUCTION. 119 



necessary for him to go to considerable expense in order to pro- 

 duce clean, safe milk. 



The less the expense and the smaller the number of require- 

 ments we have for the production of clean milk, the quicker 

 results we are going to obtain. We must always bear in mind 

 that the dairjmian is in the business to make a profit, and we 

 should assist him to this end. If we can help him to solve some 

 of his financial problems, the question of quality will be easier 

 to handle. For example, the covered pail costs very little more 

 than an open pail, yet the results for clean milk are wonderful. 

 It is claimed that this one factor under ordinary farm condi- 

 tions will exclude about 90 per cent, of the dirt. The use of 

 the damp cloth takes only a little time, yet it is one of the 

 important factors for clean milk production. 



It is encouraging to note that some of the large dairy com- 

 panies are paying a premium for milk of a high sanitary stand- 

 ard as well as for a fat content. This, surely, should be an 

 incentive for dairymeu to produce better milk. 



The grading of milk as now done in some cities and one State 

 ought to be a move in the direction of encouraging the farmer 

 to produce better milk. !N^o one ought to be satisfied with his 

 product when it is sold as grade C and at a lower price than 

 grade A or B. 



Certified milk, as you all know, sells for more than ordinary 

 milk because it is recognized as something of better quality. It 

 is only a question of a short time when quality in milk must be 

 recognized, the same as with other commodities. We have made 

 some progress already. The problem of encouraging farmers in 

 this manner rests partly on our city milk inspectors, who should 

 act as educators and not entirely as law enforcers. They must 

 put themselves in the dairyman's place, give him their time and 

 thought, then I am sure results will be forthcoming. 



Co-operation and a feeling of friendliness and good will 

 should exist between health departments and dairymen. The 

 farmers should be encouraged to feel that the health department 

 and the inspectors are not only for the purpose of protecting the 

 city consumers but also of assisting them. 



One way of promoting this good feeling is by holding meet- 



