40 



soiled on green food. Grass is cut for them ; and particularly oats 

 which are cut green. The experiment is thus far satisfactory. In- 

 dian corn sowed either in drills or hroadcast, but much better in 

 drills, furnishes an excellent article for this purpose. The cultiva- 

 tion of Ruta Baga, Carrots, Beets, and Cabbages, from their tops 

 and leaves in the autumn as well as from their roots in the winter, 

 would furnish a great amount of valuable feed. The cows are every 

 day turned out for some hours into a small enclosure. The quantity 

 of manure obtained in this way, especially where proper pains are 

 taken, is of a superior quality, and is an important consideration. 



Of Dairies for the manufacture of butter and cheese, there are 

 none within my knowledge in the county, of any great extent. Ten 

 cows constitute the largest number reported to me as kept for this 

 purpose ; and these are devoted mainly to the making of butter, for 

 which there is always a ready sale in the towns. It requires a gallon 

 of new milk to make one pound of cheese. From two and a half to 

 three gallons are required for a pound of butter. The cheese usu- 

 ally brings 8 or 9 cents. The butter 20 to 22 cents. Ten quarts 

 of good milk will ordinarily produce a pound of butter. When 

 cheese is worth 9 cents, butter should be worth 22 cents ; the value 

 of the milk then applied in either way is about the same. The 

 skimmed milk and the butter milk, however, are of much more 

 value for various domestic purposes, and for feeding swine, than the 

 cheese whey. The labor of the manufacture is not very different. 

 The care of the cheese, where it is kept tlirough the season, is consid- 

 erable. The butter finds usually an immediate sale. In the warm- 

 est part of the season cheese is principally made. There are no 

 spring houses in the county, such as are universal in Pennsylvania, 

 designed exclusively for keeping the milk, and with running water 

 passing through them. From the want of these accommodations 

 the making of butter in summer is often discontinued. 



The yield of a cow in milk is stated generally at 350 gallons per 

 year ; of butter 87^, 116, 140, lbs. ; of cheese I have been able to 

 obtain no return on which I could place reliance. These returns 

 are very small ; and indicate either poor stock, or poor pastures, or 

 poor management. I am inclined to think the returns much under 

 estimated. I have the returns of a dairy of six cows, which I have 



